Detection Methods for Asparagine and Glutamine Contents in Fruits and Vegetables and Recommendations for Dietary Intake of Fruits and Vegetables in Patients with Urea Cycle Disorders
This study established a novel method for measuring the contents of asparagine (Asn) and glutamine (Gln) in fruits and vegetables based on enzymatic hydrolysis combine with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). After enzymatic hydrolysis with Pronase E,...
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China Food Publishing Company
2025-02-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.spkx.net.cn/fileup/1002-6630/PDF/2025-46-3-024.pdf |
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| author | YE Xinyu, LI Ziying, TANG Shujun, SUN Liping, ZHAO Yunxia, XIAO Weimin, GU Yaping, KUANG Huiying, CHEN Xin, YANG Guowu, HUANG Yali |
| author_facet | YE Xinyu, LI Ziying, TANG Shujun, SUN Liping, ZHAO Yunxia, XIAO Weimin, GU Yaping, KUANG Huiying, CHEN Xin, YANG Guowu, HUANG Yali |
| author_sort | YE Xinyu, LI Ziying, TANG Shujun, SUN Liping, ZHAO Yunxia, XIAO Weimin, GU Yaping, KUANG Huiying, CHEN Xin, YANG Guowu, HUANG Yali |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study established a novel method for measuring the contents of asparagine (Asn) and glutamine (Gln) in fruits and vegetables based on enzymatic hydrolysis combine with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). After enzymatic hydrolysis with Pronase E, samples were treated with butylated hydroxyanisole as an antioxidant. The supernatant was collected for analysis by UPLC-MS/MS. The chromatographic separation was accomplished on a Phenomenex kinetex F5 column using gradient elution with a mobile phase consisting of methanol and 0.02% formic acid in water. The mass spectrometer was equipped with an electrospray ionization source and operated in the positive ion mode with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM), and quantification was achieved using stable isotope-labeled internal standards. The calibration curves for Asn and Gln showed a good linearity in the range of 10–1 000 ng/mL (R2 > 0.999), with limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of 1.5 and 5.0 mg/100 g, respectively. The recovery rates were in the range of 80.0%–112.8% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 1.2%–9.1%. The contents of Asn and Gln in 49 common vegetables and 50 common fruits were determined by the UPLC-MS/MS method. In vegetables, the average total content of Asn and Gln decreased in the order of bean > potato > onion and garlic > edible fungi > melon > solanaceous > cabbage. Notably, the total contents of Asn and Gln in beans were significantly higher than those in green leafy vegetables (P melons > aggregate fruits > berries > citrus > banana > nuts, and drupes had significantly higher total contents of Asn and Gln than nuts (P < 0.05). These findings suggested that individuals with urea cycle disorders should eat more nut fruits and green leafy vegetables, with less asparagine and glutamine, in daily life, especially vegetables and fruits with higher ratio of branched-chain amino acids to Asn plus Gln such as Chinese cabbage, Auricularia auricula, green onion, coconut juice, longan, and pomelo, and should eat less vegetables and fruits with lower ratio of branched-chain amino acids to Asn plus Gln such as potato, pumpkin, green bean, cantaloupe, red plum and yellow peach. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-61ccd3384eae48d2bf1879ea2194cd5d |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1002-6630 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | China Food Publishing Company |
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| series | Shipin Kexue |
| spelling | doaj-art-61ccd3384eae48d2bf1879ea2194cd5d2025-02-05T09:08:33ZengChina Food Publishing CompanyShipin Kexue1002-66302025-02-0146321222110.7506/spkx1002-6630-20240608-045Detection Methods for Asparagine and Glutamine Contents in Fruits and Vegetables and Recommendations for Dietary Intake of Fruits and Vegetables in Patients with Urea Cycle DisordersYE Xinyu, LI Ziying, TANG Shujun, SUN Liping, ZHAO Yunxia, XIAO Weimin, GU Yaping, KUANG Huiying, CHEN Xin, YANG Guowu, HUANG Yali0(1. School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; 2. Shenzhen Academy of Metrology and Quality Inspection, Shenzhen 518055, China; 3. Shenzhen Institute of Quality &Safety Inspection and Research, Shenzhen 518055, China; 4. Clinical Laboratory Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China; 5. Shenzhen SMQ Group Medical Laboratory, Shenzhen 518000, China)This study established a novel method for measuring the contents of asparagine (Asn) and glutamine (Gln) in fruits and vegetables based on enzymatic hydrolysis combine with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). After enzymatic hydrolysis with Pronase E, samples were treated with butylated hydroxyanisole as an antioxidant. The supernatant was collected for analysis by UPLC-MS/MS. The chromatographic separation was accomplished on a Phenomenex kinetex F5 column using gradient elution with a mobile phase consisting of methanol and 0.02% formic acid in water. The mass spectrometer was equipped with an electrospray ionization source and operated in the positive ion mode with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM), and quantification was achieved using stable isotope-labeled internal standards. The calibration curves for Asn and Gln showed a good linearity in the range of 10–1 000 ng/mL (R2 > 0.999), with limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of 1.5 and 5.0 mg/100 g, respectively. The recovery rates were in the range of 80.0%–112.8% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 1.2%–9.1%. The contents of Asn and Gln in 49 common vegetables and 50 common fruits were determined by the UPLC-MS/MS method. In vegetables, the average total content of Asn and Gln decreased in the order of bean > potato > onion and garlic > edible fungi > melon > solanaceous > cabbage. Notably, the total contents of Asn and Gln in beans were significantly higher than those in green leafy vegetables (P melons > aggregate fruits > berries > citrus > banana > nuts, and drupes had significantly higher total contents of Asn and Gln than nuts (P < 0.05). These findings suggested that individuals with urea cycle disorders should eat more nut fruits and green leafy vegetables, with less asparagine and glutamine, in daily life, especially vegetables and fruits with higher ratio of branched-chain amino acids to Asn plus Gln such as Chinese cabbage, Auricularia auricula, green onion, coconut juice, longan, and pomelo, and should eat less vegetables and fruits with lower ratio of branched-chain amino acids to Asn plus Gln such as potato, pumpkin, green bean, cantaloupe, red plum and yellow peach.https://www.spkx.net.cn/fileup/1002-6630/PDF/2025-46-3-024.pdfasparagine; glutamine; vegetables; fruits; urea cycle disorder; daily diet |
| spellingShingle | YE Xinyu, LI Ziying, TANG Shujun, SUN Liping, ZHAO Yunxia, XIAO Weimin, GU Yaping, KUANG Huiying, CHEN Xin, YANG Guowu, HUANG Yali Detection Methods for Asparagine and Glutamine Contents in Fruits and Vegetables and Recommendations for Dietary Intake of Fruits and Vegetables in Patients with Urea Cycle Disorders Shipin Kexue asparagine; glutamine; vegetables; fruits; urea cycle disorder; daily diet |
| title | Detection Methods for Asparagine and Glutamine Contents in Fruits and Vegetables and Recommendations for Dietary Intake of Fruits and Vegetables in Patients with Urea Cycle Disorders |
| title_full | Detection Methods for Asparagine and Glutamine Contents in Fruits and Vegetables and Recommendations for Dietary Intake of Fruits and Vegetables in Patients with Urea Cycle Disorders |
| title_fullStr | Detection Methods for Asparagine and Glutamine Contents in Fruits and Vegetables and Recommendations for Dietary Intake of Fruits and Vegetables in Patients with Urea Cycle Disorders |
| title_full_unstemmed | Detection Methods for Asparagine and Glutamine Contents in Fruits and Vegetables and Recommendations for Dietary Intake of Fruits and Vegetables in Patients with Urea Cycle Disorders |
| title_short | Detection Methods for Asparagine and Glutamine Contents in Fruits and Vegetables and Recommendations for Dietary Intake of Fruits and Vegetables in Patients with Urea Cycle Disorders |
| title_sort | detection methods for asparagine and glutamine contents in fruits and vegetables and recommendations for dietary intake of fruits and vegetables in patients with urea cycle disorders |
| topic | asparagine; glutamine; vegetables; fruits; urea cycle disorder; daily diet |
| url | https://www.spkx.net.cn/fileup/1002-6630/PDF/2025-46-3-024.pdf |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT yexinyuliziyingtangshujunsunlipingzhaoyunxiaxiaoweiminguyapingkuanghuiyingchenxinyangguowuhuangyali detectionmethodsforasparagineandglutaminecontentsinfruitsandvegetablesandrecommendationsfordietaryintakeoffruitsandvegetablesinpatientswithureacycledisorders |