Effect of tempering temperature on low-temperature impact toughness of 35MnB steel
Medium carbon boron steel is a cost-effective, high-strength steel used for bolts. This paper aims to provide a theoretical foundation and data support for optimizing heat treatment and improving performance in wind turbine bolts by systematically analyzing the synergistic effects of boron segregati...
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2025-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Materials Research and Technology |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785424030497 |
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| author | Ping Ni Wen Shi Hengchang Lu Bo Zhang Han Dong |
| author_facet | Ping Ni Wen Shi Hengchang Lu Bo Zhang Han Dong |
| author_sort | Ping Ni |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Medium carbon boron steel is a cost-effective, high-strength steel used for bolts. This paper aims to provide a theoretical foundation and data support for optimizing heat treatment and improving performance in wind turbine bolts by systematically analyzing the synergistic effects of boron segregation, dislocation density, high-angle grain boundaries (HAGBs) and other factors during tempering on the low-temperature impact toughness of 35MnB steel. The form and distribution of boron in the steel were characterized by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) combined with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The relationship between crystallographic orientation and low-temperature impact toughness was analyzed using electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). The results show that when the tempering temperature is between 350 °C and 410 °C, numerous large M3(C, B) at the prior austenite grain boundaries (PAGBs) lead to intergranular fracture in the radial zone of the impact fracture. However, the adverse effects on low-temperature impact toughness are mitigated by the decrease in dislocation density, effective grain size, and the increase in HAGBs. As a result, the low-temperature impact energy increases slowly from 19.5 J to 24.2 J. When the tempering temperature is between 410 °C and 470 °C, the size and quantity of boron phases at the PAGBs decrease, leading to a rapid increase in impact energy from 24.2 J to 86 J. The rolling texture gradually weakens and eventually disappears after tempering, resulting in anisotropy. Therefore, boron segregation is the primary factor affecting the low-temperature impact toughness. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-618a3d7f67dc401989fb4b6199a41424 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2238-7854 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
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| series | Journal of Materials Research and Technology |
| spelling | doaj-art-618a3d7f67dc401989fb4b6199a414242025-01-19T06:25:57ZengElsevierJournal of Materials Research and Technology2238-78542025-01-013424632476Effect of tempering temperature on low-temperature impact toughness of 35MnB steelPing Ni0Wen Shi1Hengchang Lu2Bo Zhang3Han Dong4School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, ChinaSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China; Zhejiang Institute of Advanced Materials, SHU, Jiashan, 314100, ChinaSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China; Zhejiang Institute of Advanced Materials, SHU, Jiashan, 314100, China; Corresponding author. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.Zhejiang Institute of Advanced Materials, SHU, Jiashan, 314100, ChinaSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China; Zhejiang Institute of Advanced Materials, SHU, Jiashan, 314100, ChinaMedium carbon boron steel is a cost-effective, high-strength steel used for bolts. This paper aims to provide a theoretical foundation and data support for optimizing heat treatment and improving performance in wind turbine bolts by systematically analyzing the synergistic effects of boron segregation, dislocation density, high-angle grain boundaries (HAGBs) and other factors during tempering on the low-temperature impact toughness of 35MnB steel. The form and distribution of boron in the steel were characterized by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) combined with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The relationship between crystallographic orientation and low-temperature impact toughness was analyzed using electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). The results show that when the tempering temperature is between 350 °C and 410 °C, numerous large M3(C, B) at the prior austenite grain boundaries (PAGBs) lead to intergranular fracture in the radial zone of the impact fracture. However, the adverse effects on low-temperature impact toughness are mitigated by the decrease in dislocation density, effective grain size, and the increase in HAGBs. As a result, the low-temperature impact energy increases slowly from 19.5 J to 24.2 J. When the tempering temperature is between 410 °C and 470 °C, the size and quantity of boron phases at the PAGBs decrease, leading to a rapid increase in impact energy from 24.2 J to 86 J. The rolling texture gradually weakens and eventually disappears after tempering, resulting in anisotropy. Therefore, boron segregation is the primary factor affecting the low-temperature impact toughness.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785424030497Tempering temperatureLow-temperature impact toughnessSegregationPAGBsIntergranular fracture |
| spellingShingle | Ping Ni Wen Shi Hengchang Lu Bo Zhang Han Dong Effect of tempering temperature on low-temperature impact toughness of 35MnB steel Journal of Materials Research and Technology Tempering temperature Low-temperature impact toughness Segregation PAGBs Intergranular fracture |
| title | Effect of tempering temperature on low-temperature impact toughness of 35MnB steel |
| title_full | Effect of tempering temperature on low-temperature impact toughness of 35MnB steel |
| title_fullStr | Effect of tempering temperature on low-temperature impact toughness of 35MnB steel |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of tempering temperature on low-temperature impact toughness of 35MnB steel |
| title_short | Effect of tempering temperature on low-temperature impact toughness of 35MnB steel |
| title_sort | effect of tempering temperature on low temperature impact toughness of 35mnb steel |
| topic | Tempering temperature Low-temperature impact toughness Segregation PAGBs Intergranular fracture |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785424030497 |
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