A multilevel analysis of basic water availability in Ethiopia using 2016 demographic health survey
Abstract Drinking water is one of life’s most basic need, and people all around the developing world confront irregular water supplies. Still, more than one billion people globally do not have secure water supply and these leads to increasing the risk of death and incurring large costs in the preven...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-05-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-94497-x |
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| author | Mastewal Endalew Jember Azanaw Daniel Gashayeneh Belay Nuhamin Tesfa Tsega Melaku Hunie Asratie Wondimnew Mersha Biset Demewoz Kefale |
| author_facet | Mastewal Endalew Jember Azanaw Daniel Gashayeneh Belay Nuhamin Tesfa Tsega Melaku Hunie Asratie Wondimnew Mersha Biset Demewoz Kefale |
| author_sort | Mastewal Endalew |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Drinking water is one of life’s most basic need, and people all around the developing world confront irregular water supplies. Still, more than one billion people globally do not have secure water supply and these leads to increasing the risk of death and incurring large costs in the prevention of water-borne diseases. There are limited knowledge on actual water availability in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study was aimed determining basic water availability and its associated factors in Ethiopia. This research used 2016 Ethiopian demographic health survey data. Because of the hierarchical and clustering nature of the data, a mixed effect multilevel logistic regression model was used. In this study, the prevalence of basic drinking water availability in Ethiopia is 51.16% (95% CI 50.04–52.27%). Based on the analysis result, the household head age between 46 and 65 [AOR = 4.08, 95% CI 1.64–10.17], household heads having middle-income level (AOR = 1.22, 95% CI 1.00–1.50), being rural communities [AOR = 4.32, 95% CI 3.07–9.57] and large central regions (AOR = 2.08, 95% CI 1.17–3.68) were significant factors. The magnitude of basic drinking water availability among households in Ethiopia is low. Exploring alternative water sources is important to reduce water interruptions. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-6181b44b50aa40dab52cd08fd3b51ee4 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
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| spelling | doaj-art-6181b44b50aa40dab52cd08fd3b51ee42025-08-20T02:15:15ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-05-011511910.1038/s41598-025-94497-xA multilevel analysis of basic water availability in Ethiopia using 2016 demographic health surveyMastewal Endalew0Jember Azanaw1Daniel Gashayeneh Belay2Nuhamin Tesfa Tsega3Melaku Hunie Asratie4Wondimnew Mersha Biset5Demewoz Kefale6Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Public Health, University of GondarDepartment of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Public Health, University of GondarDepartment of Human Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of GondarDepartment of Women’s and Family Health, School of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of GondarDepartment of Women’s and Family Health, School of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of GondarDepartment of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Saint Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical CollegeDepartment of Emergency and Critical Health Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor UniversityAbstract Drinking water is one of life’s most basic need, and people all around the developing world confront irregular water supplies. Still, more than one billion people globally do not have secure water supply and these leads to increasing the risk of death and incurring large costs in the prevention of water-borne diseases. There are limited knowledge on actual water availability in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study was aimed determining basic water availability and its associated factors in Ethiopia. This research used 2016 Ethiopian demographic health survey data. Because of the hierarchical and clustering nature of the data, a mixed effect multilevel logistic regression model was used. In this study, the prevalence of basic drinking water availability in Ethiopia is 51.16% (95% CI 50.04–52.27%). Based on the analysis result, the household head age between 46 and 65 [AOR = 4.08, 95% CI 1.64–10.17], household heads having middle-income level (AOR = 1.22, 95% CI 1.00–1.50), being rural communities [AOR = 4.32, 95% CI 3.07–9.57] and large central regions (AOR = 2.08, 95% CI 1.17–3.68) were significant factors. The magnitude of basic drinking water availability among households in Ethiopia is low. Exploring alternative water sources is important to reduce water interruptions.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-94497-xDrinking waterAvailabilityInterruptionEthiopia |
| spellingShingle | Mastewal Endalew Jember Azanaw Daniel Gashayeneh Belay Nuhamin Tesfa Tsega Melaku Hunie Asratie Wondimnew Mersha Biset Demewoz Kefale A multilevel analysis of basic water availability in Ethiopia using 2016 demographic health survey Scientific Reports Drinking water Availability Interruption Ethiopia |
| title | A multilevel analysis of basic water availability in Ethiopia using 2016 demographic health survey |
| title_full | A multilevel analysis of basic water availability in Ethiopia using 2016 demographic health survey |
| title_fullStr | A multilevel analysis of basic water availability in Ethiopia using 2016 demographic health survey |
| title_full_unstemmed | A multilevel analysis of basic water availability in Ethiopia using 2016 demographic health survey |
| title_short | A multilevel analysis of basic water availability in Ethiopia using 2016 demographic health survey |
| title_sort | multilevel analysis of basic water availability in ethiopia using 2016 demographic health survey |
| topic | Drinking water Availability Interruption Ethiopia |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-94497-x |
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