Neurobiological Mechanisms Underlying Psychological Dysfunction After Brain Injuries
Despite the presentation of similar psychological symptoms, psychological dysfunction secondary to brain injury exhibits markedly lower treatment efficacy compared to injury-independent psychological dysfunction. This gap remains evident, despite extensive research efforts. This review integrates cl...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2025-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/14/2/74 |
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| author | Prashin Unadkat Tania Rebeiz Erum Ajmal Vincent De Souza Angela Xia Julia Jinu Keren Powell Chunyan Li |
| author_facet | Prashin Unadkat Tania Rebeiz Erum Ajmal Vincent De Souza Angela Xia Julia Jinu Keren Powell Chunyan Li |
| author_sort | Prashin Unadkat |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Despite the presentation of similar psychological symptoms, psychological dysfunction secondary to brain injury exhibits markedly lower treatment efficacy compared to injury-independent psychological dysfunction. This gap remains evident, despite extensive research efforts. This review integrates clinical and preclinical evidence to provide a comprehensive overview of the neurobiological mechanisms underlying neuropsychological disorders, focusing on the role of key brain regions in emotional regulation across various forms of brain injuries. It examines therapeutic interventions and mechanistic targets, with the primary goal of identifying pathways for targeted treatments. The review highlights promising therapeutic avenues for addressing injury-associated psychological dysfunction, emphasizing Nrf2, neuropeptides, and nonpharmacological therapies as multi-mechanistic interventions capable of modulating upstream mediators to address the complex interplay of factors underlying psychological dysfunction in brain injury. Additionally, it identifies sexually dimorphic factors as potential areas for further exploration and advocates for detailed investigations into sex-specific patterns to uncover additional contributors to these disorders. Furthermore, it underscores significant gaps, particularly the inadequate consideration of interactions among causal factors, environmental influences, and individual susceptibilities. By addressing these gaps, this review provides new insights and calls for a paradigm shift toward a more context-specific and integrative approach to developing targeted therapies for psychological dysfunction following brain injuries. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-617c5ee652fd431f83c92662b15b3c32 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2073-4409 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cells |
| spelling | doaj-art-617c5ee652fd431f83c92662b15b3c322025-01-24T13:26:35ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092025-01-011427410.3390/cells14020074Neurobiological Mechanisms Underlying Psychological Dysfunction After Brain InjuriesPrashin Unadkat0Tania Rebeiz1Erum Ajmal2Vincent De Souza3Angela Xia4Julia Jinu5Keren Powell6Chunyan Li7Translational Brain Research Laboratory, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USADepartment of Neurosurgery, North Shore University Hospital at Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USATranslational Brain Research Laboratory, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USADepartment of Neurosurgery, Staten Island University Hospital at Northwell Health, Staten Island, NY 10305, USADepartment of Neurosurgery, North Shore University Hospital at Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USATranslational Brain Research Laboratory, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USATranslational Brain Research Laboratory, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USATranslational Brain Research Laboratory, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USADespite the presentation of similar psychological symptoms, psychological dysfunction secondary to brain injury exhibits markedly lower treatment efficacy compared to injury-independent psychological dysfunction. This gap remains evident, despite extensive research efforts. This review integrates clinical and preclinical evidence to provide a comprehensive overview of the neurobiological mechanisms underlying neuropsychological disorders, focusing on the role of key brain regions in emotional regulation across various forms of brain injuries. It examines therapeutic interventions and mechanistic targets, with the primary goal of identifying pathways for targeted treatments. The review highlights promising therapeutic avenues for addressing injury-associated psychological dysfunction, emphasizing Nrf2, neuropeptides, and nonpharmacological therapies as multi-mechanistic interventions capable of modulating upstream mediators to address the complex interplay of factors underlying psychological dysfunction in brain injury. Additionally, it identifies sexually dimorphic factors as potential areas for further exploration and advocates for detailed investigations into sex-specific patterns to uncover additional contributors to these disorders. Furthermore, it underscores significant gaps, particularly the inadequate consideration of interactions among causal factors, environmental influences, and individual susceptibilities. By addressing these gaps, this review provides new insights and calls for a paradigm shift toward a more context-specific and integrative approach to developing targeted therapies for psychological dysfunction following brain injuries.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/14/2/74psychological dysfunctionanxietydepressionbrain injurycerebral ischemiadementia |
| spellingShingle | Prashin Unadkat Tania Rebeiz Erum Ajmal Vincent De Souza Angela Xia Julia Jinu Keren Powell Chunyan Li Neurobiological Mechanisms Underlying Psychological Dysfunction After Brain Injuries Cells psychological dysfunction anxiety depression brain injury cerebral ischemia dementia |
| title | Neurobiological Mechanisms Underlying Psychological Dysfunction After Brain Injuries |
| title_full | Neurobiological Mechanisms Underlying Psychological Dysfunction After Brain Injuries |
| title_fullStr | Neurobiological Mechanisms Underlying Psychological Dysfunction After Brain Injuries |
| title_full_unstemmed | Neurobiological Mechanisms Underlying Psychological Dysfunction After Brain Injuries |
| title_short | Neurobiological Mechanisms Underlying Psychological Dysfunction After Brain Injuries |
| title_sort | neurobiological mechanisms underlying psychological dysfunction after brain injuries |
| topic | psychological dysfunction anxiety depression brain injury cerebral ischemia dementia |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/14/2/74 |
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