Analysis of naturally etched surface of brass sheathing from a nineteenth-century shipwreck
The Akko Tower Wreck is ently the remains of a 25-m-long merchant brig, dated to the first half of the nineteenth century. During the 2015 underwater excavation, a piece of brass sheet was retrieved from the shipwreck and its surface and bulk were examined by metallurgical analyses. The examinations...
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University of Belgrade, Technical Faculty, Bor
2018-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Mining and Metallurgy. Section B: Metallurgy |
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| Online Access: | http://www.doiserbia.nb.rs/img/doi/1450-5339/2018/1450-53391700056A.pdf |
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| author | Ashkenazi D. Inberg A. Cvikel D. |
| author_facet | Ashkenazi D. Inberg A. Cvikel D. |
| author_sort | Ashkenazi D. |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The Akko Tower Wreck is ently the remains of a 25-m-long merchant brig, dated to the first half of the nineteenth century. During the 2015 underwater excavation, a piece of brass sheet was retrieved from the shipwreck and its surface and bulk were examined by metallurgical analyses. The examinations revealed a unique example of almost two hundred years’ natural etching, which took place in the sea underwater environment. The surface of the sheet was covered with different copper and zinc oxides, which were identified by XRD analysis. Observation of the naturally etched surface with multi-focal light microscopy and SEM-EDS analysis indicated a microstructure of annealed α-brass, similar to that of its bulk. S-OES chemical analysis of the bulk revealed a composition of 65.0 wt% Cu, 34.4 wt% Zn and 0.6 wt% Pb. Based on the thickness of the sheet and its good state of preservation, it is suggested that it was used as sheathing to protect the hull against marine organisms, and to improve the sailing qualities of the ship. The results provide further information about the Akko Tower shipwreck; and expand our knowledge regarding the corrosion processes and preservation of brass during a long burial period in marine environments. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-615b01e464054d6d9ad81b5089437b84 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1450-5339 2217-7175 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2018-01-01 |
| publisher | University of Belgrade, Technical Faculty, Bor |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Mining and Metallurgy. Section B: Metallurgy |
| spelling | doaj-art-615b01e464054d6d9ad81b5089437b842025-02-02T03:28:30ZengUniversity of Belgrade, Technical Faculty, BorJournal of Mining and Metallurgy. Section B: Metallurgy1450-53392217-71752018-01-0154110111010.2298/JMMB170701056A1450-53391700056AAnalysis of naturally etched surface of brass sheathing from a nineteenth-century shipwreckAshkenazi D.0Inberg A.1Cvikel D.2Tel Aviv University, School of Mechanical Engineering, IsraelTel Aviv University, School of Electrical Engineering, IsraelUniversity of Haifa, Leon Recanati Institute for Maritime Studies and Department of Maritime Civilizations, IsraelThe Akko Tower Wreck is ently the remains of a 25-m-long merchant brig, dated to the first half of the nineteenth century. During the 2015 underwater excavation, a piece of brass sheet was retrieved from the shipwreck and its surface and bulk were examined by metallurgical analyses. The examinations revealed a unique example of almost two hundred years’ natural etching, which took place in the sea underwater environment. The surface of the sheet was covered with different copper and zinc oxides, which were identified by XRD analysis. Observation of the naturally etched surface with multi-focal light microscopy and SEM-EDS analysis indicated a microstructure of annealed α-brass, similar to that of its bulk. S-OES chemical analysis of the bulk revealed a composition of 65.0 wt% Cu, 34.4 wt% Zn and 0.6 wt% Pb. Based on the thickness of the sheet and its good state of preservation, it is suggested that it was used as sheathing to protect the hull against marine organisms, and to improve the sailing qualities of the ship. The results provide further information about the Akko Tower shipwreck; and expand our knowledge regarding the corrosion processes and preservation of brass during a long burial period in marine environments.http://www.doiserbia.nb.rs/img/doi/1450-5339/2018/1450-53391700056A.pdfAkko Tower Wreckbrass sheetcorrosionmetallographymetallurgynaturally etched surface |
| spellingShingle | Ashkenazi D. Inberg A. Cvikel D. Analysis of naturally etched surface of brass sheathing from a nineteenth-century shipwreck Journal of Mining and Metallurgy. Section B: Metallurgy Akko Tower Wreck brass sheet corrosion metallography metallurgy naturally etched surface |
| title | Analysis of naturally etched surface of brass sheathing from a nineteenth-century shipwreck |
| title_full | Analysis of naturally etched surface of brass sheathing from a nineteenth-century shipwreck |
| title_fullStr | Analysis of naturally etched surface of brass sheathing from a nineteenth-century shipwreck |
| title_full_unstemmed | Analysis of naturally etched surface of brass sheathing from a nineteenth-century shipwreck |
| title_short | Analysis of naturally etched surface of brass sheathing from a nineteenth-century shipwreck |
| title_sort | analysis of naturally etched surface of brass sheathing from a nineteenth century shipwreck |
| topic | Akko Tower Wreck brass sheet corrosion metallography metallurgy naturally etched surface |
| url | http://www.doiserbia.nb.rs/img/doi/1450-5339/2018/1450-53391700056A.pdf |
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