<i>Hovenia dulcis Thunb</i>. Honey Exerts Antiviral Effect Against Influenza A Virus Infection Through Mitochondrial Stress-Mediated Enhancement of Innate Immunity
To combat influenza A virus (IAV) infection, it is vital to develop effective therapeutic strategies, including immunomodulators. In this study, we examined the antiviral effects of Hovenia dulcis Thunb. honey (HDH) against IAV using RAW 264.7 cells. HDH treatment significantly reduced IAV infection...
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2025-01-01
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| Series: | Antioxidants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/14/1/71 |
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| author | Eun-Bin Kwon Buyun Kim Young-Eun Kim Sung-Joon Na Sang Mi Han Soon Ok Woo Hong Min Choi Siwon Moon Young Soo Kim Jang-Gi Choi |
| author_facet | Eun-Bin Kwon Buyun Kim Young-Eun Kim Sung-Joon Na Sang Mi Han Soon Ok Woo Hong Min Choi Siwon Moon Young Soo Kim Jang-Gi Choi |
| author_sort | Eun-Bin Kwon |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | To combat influenza A virus (IAV) infection, it is vital to develop effective therapeutic strategies, including immunomodulators. In this study, we examined the antiviral effects of Hovenia dulcis Thunb. honey (HDH) against IAV using RAW 264.7 cells. HDH treatment significantly reduced IAV infection and viral protein expression. Moreover, it enhanced the production of interferon (IFN)-β, activated the innate immune response through the cyclic GMP–AMP synthase (cGAS)–stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway, and upregulated IFN signaling through signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)1/2 phosphorylation and interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) expression. In addition, HDH decreased IAV-induced intracellular and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by upregulating the expression of antioxidant proteins, such as Sirt3 and SOD2. The results suggest that HDH is a potential therapeutic agent inhibiting viral replication and boosting host antiviral immunity. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-612bb93367f74ec8b5ee5da18bada779 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2076-3921 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antioxidants |
| spelling | doaj-art-612bb93367f74ec8b5ee5da18bada7792025-01-24T13:19:23ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212025-01-011417110.3390/antiox14010071<i>Hovenia dulcis Thunb</i>. Honey Exerts Antiviral Effect Against Influenza A Virus Infection Through Mitochondrial Stress-Mediated Enhancement of Innate ImmunityEun-Bin Kwon0Buyun Kim1Young-Eun Kim2Sung-Joon Na3Sang Mi Han4Soon Ok Woo5Hong Min Choi6Siwon Moon7Young Soo Kim8Jang-Gi Choi9Korean Medicine Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu 41062, Republic of KoreaKorean Medicine Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu 41062, Republic of KoreaKorean Medicine Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu 41062, Republic of KoreaSpecial Forest Resources Division, National Institute of Forest Science, Suwon 16631, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Agricultural Biology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 566-851, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Agricultural Biology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 566-851, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Agricultural Biology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 566-851, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Agricultural Biology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 566-851, Republic of KoreaKorean Medicine Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu 41062, Republic of KoreaKorean Medicine Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu 41062, Republic of KoreaTo combat influenza A virus (IAV) infection, it is vital to develop effective therapeutic strategies, including immunomodulators. In this study, we examined the antiviral effects of Hovenia dulcis Thunb. honey (HDH) against IAV using RAW 264.7 cells. HDH treatment significantly reduced IAV infection and viral protein expression. Moreover, it enhanced the production of interferon (IFN)-β, activated the innate immune response through the cyclic GMP–AMP synthase (cGAS)–stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway, and upregulated IFN signaling through signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)1/2 phosphorylation and interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) expression. In addition, HDH decreased IAV-induced intracellular and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by upregulating the expression of antioxidant proteins, such as Sirt3 and SOD2. The results suggest that HDH is a potential therapeutic agent inhibiting viral replication and boosting host antiviral immunity.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/14/1/71<i>Hovenia dulcis Thunb</i>.influenza A viruscGAS–STING pathwayinnate immune systemreactive oxygen species |
| spellingShingle | Eun-Bin Kwon Buyun Kim Young-Eun Kim Sung-Joon Na Sang Mi Han Soon Ok Woo Hong Min Choi Siwon Moon Young Soo Kim Jang-Gi Choi <i>Hovenia dulcis Thunb</i>. Honey Exerts Antiviral Effect Against Influenza A Virus Infection Through Mitochondrial Stress-Mediated Enhancement of Innate Immunity Antioxidants <i>Hovenia dulcis Thunb</i>. influenza A virus cGAS–STING pathway innate immune system reactive oxygen species |
| title | <i>Hovenia dulcis Thunb</i>. Honey Exerts Antiviral Effect Against Influenza A Virus Infection Through Mitochondrial Stress-Mediated Enhancement of Innate Immunity |
| title_full | <i>Hovenia dulcis Thunb</i>. Honey Exerts Antiviral Effect Against Influenza A Virus Infection Through Mitochondrial Stress-Mediated Enhancement of Innate Immunity |
| title_fullStr | <i>Hovenia dulcis Thunb</i>. Honey Exerts Antiviral Effect Against Influenza A Virus Infection Through Mitochondrial Stress-Mediated Enhancement of Innate Immunity |
| title_full_unstemmed | <i>Hovenia dulcis Thunb</i>. Honey Exerts Antiviral Effect Against Influenza A Virus Infection Through Mitochondrial Stress-Mediated Enhancement of Innate Immunity |
| title_short | <i>Hovenia dulcis Thunb</i>. Honey Exerts Antiviral Effect Against Influenza A Virus Infection Through Mitochondrial Stress-Mediated Enhancement of Innate Immunity |
| title_sort | i hovenia dulcis thunb i honey exerts antiviral effect against influenza a virus infection through mitochondrial stress mediated enhancement of innate immunity |
| topic | <i>Hovenia dulcis Thunb</i>. influenza A virus cGAS–STING pathway innate immune system reactive oxygen species |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/14/1/71 |
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