AI-Powered early warning systems for clinical deterioration significantly improve patient outcomes: a meta-analysis

Abstract Background Clinical deterioration is often preceded by subtle physiological changes that, if unheeded, can lead to adverse patient outcomes. The precision of traditional scoring systems in detecting these precursors has limitations, prompting the exploration of AI-based predictive models as...

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Main Authors: Shixin Yuan, Zihuan Yang, Junjie Li, Changde Wu, Songqiao Liu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-06-01
Series:BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-025-03048-x
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author Shixin Yuan
Zihuan Yang
Junjie Li
Changde Wu
Songqiao Liu
author_facet Shixin Yuan
Zihuan Yang
Junjie Li
Changde Wu
Songqiao Liu
author_sort Shixin Yuan
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Clinical deterioration is often preceded by subtle physiological changes that, if unheeded, can lead to adverse patient outcomes. The precision of traditional scoring systems in detecting these precursors has limitations, prompting the exploration of AI-based predictive models as a means to enhance predictive accuracy and, consequently, patient outcomes. Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Databases including PubMed, and Web of Science were searched for relevant studies as of April 8, 2024. Studies were selected based on predefined criteria, specifically targeting AI-based models designed to predict in-hospital clinical deterioration. Results A total of five studies met the inclusion criteria, all of which underwent prospective clinical validation. These studies demonstrated that AI-based models significantly reduced in-hospital and 30-day mortality rates. Although a downward trend in ICU transfers was observed, the results were not statistically significant. Additionally, the use of AI models shortened overall hospital stays but resulted in a significant increase in ICU length of stay. Conclusion The findings suggest that AI-based early warning models positively impact patient outcomes in real-world clinical settings. Despite the potential benefits, the effectiveness and real-world applicability of these models require further research. Challenges such as clinician adherence to AI warnings remain to be addressed.
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spelling doaj-art-60f87b811a934e13a87f8c7ec7ed75202025-08-20T03:26:44ZengBMCBMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making1472-69472025-06-012511810.1186/s12911-025-03048-xAI-Powered early warning systems for clinical deterioration significantly improve patient outcomes: a meta-analysisShixin Yuan0Zihuan Yang1Junjie Li2Changde Wu3Songqiao Liu4School of Medicine, Southeast UniversitySchool of Medicine, Southeast UniversitySchool of Medicine, Southeast UniversitySchool of Medicine, Southeast UniversitySchool of Medicine, Southeast UniversityAbstract Background Clinical deterioration is often preceded by subtle physiological changes that, if unheeded, can lead to adverse patient outcomes. The precision of traditional scoring systems in detecting these precursors has limitations, prompting the exploration of AI-based predictive models as a means to enhance predictive accuracy and, consequently, patient outcomes. Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Databases including PubMed, and Web of Science were searched for relevant studies as of April 8, 2024. Studies were selected based on predefined criteria, specifically targeting AI-based models designed to predict in-hospital clinical deterioration. Results A total of five studies met the inclusion criteria, all of which underwent prospective clinical validation. These studies demonstrated that AI-based models significantly reduced in-hospital and 30-day mortality rates. Although a downward trend in ICU transfers was observed, the results were not statistically significant. Additionally, the use of AI models shortened overall hospital stays but resulted in a significant increase in ICU length of stay. Conclusion The findings suggest that AI-based early warning models positively impact patient outcomes in real-world clinical settings. Despite the potential benefits, the effectiveness and real-world applicability of these models require further research. Challenges such as clinician adherence to AI warnings remain to be addressed.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-025-03048-xClinical deteriorationMortalityArtificial intelligencePatient outcomes
spellingShingle Shixin Yuan
Zihuan Yang
Junjie Li
Changde Wu
Songqiao Liu
AI-Powered early warning systems for clinical deterioration significantly improve patient outcomes: a meta-analysis
BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making
Clinical deterioration
Mortality
Artificial intelligence
Patient outcomes
title AI-Powered early warning systems for clinical deterioration significantly improve patient outcomes: a meta-analysis
title_full AI-Powered early warning systems for clinical deterioration significantly improve patient outcomes: a meta-analysis
title_fullStr AI-Powered early warning systems for clinical deterioration significantly improve patient outcomes: a meta-analysis
title_full_unstemmed AI-Powered early warning systems for clinical deterioration significantly improve patient outcomes: a meta-analysis
title_short AI-Powered early warning systems for clinical deterioration significantly improve patient outcomes: a meta-analysis
title_sort ai powered early warning systems for clinical deterioration significantly improve patient outcomes a meta analysis
topic Clinical deterioration
Mortality
Artificial intelligence
Patient outcomes
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-025-03048-x
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