COP1 drives renal cell carcinoma progression by targeting ACSL4 for ubiquitin-mediated degradation and inhibiting ferroptosis

BackgroundRenal cell carcinoma (RCC) progression is closely linked to dysregulation of the ubiquitin-proteasome system, particularly aberrant ubiquitination processes governing protein degradation and cell cycle control. As a pivotal E3 ubiquitin ligase, COP1 mediates substrate-specific ubiquitinati...

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Main Authors: Yuxiao Zheng, Lei Jiang, Feng Qi, Bo Peng
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-05-01
Series:Frontiers in Oncology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2025.1570727/full
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author Yuxiao Zheng
Lei Jiang
Feng Qi
Bo Peng
author_facet Yuxiao Zheng
Lei Jiang
Feng Qi
Bo Peng
author_sort Yuxiao Zheng
collection DOAJ
description BackgroundRenal cell carcinoma (RCC) progression is closely linked to dysregulation of the ubiquitin-proteasome system, particularly aberrant ubiquitination processes governing protein degradation and cell cycle control. As a pivotal E3 ubiquitin ligase, COP1 mediates substrate-specific ubiquitination to regulate protein stability. However, its functional role in RCC remains poorly characterized. This study investigates how COP1 drives RCC malignancy and explores its underlying molecular mechanisms.MethodsWe analyzed the expression of COP1 in RCC cells and its relationship with patient overall survival (OS) in databases. The CCK-8 assay was used to detect the effect of COP1 on the proliferation of RCC cells, while the Transwell assay was used to assess the impact of COP1 on the migration and invasion of RCC cells. We employed mass spectrometry, co-immunoprecipitation, Western blot, and RT-qPCR to explore the target proteins that interact with COP1 and their interaction modes. After inducing with ferroptosis inducers, we measured the effect of COP1 on lipid ROS levels in RCC cells. Finally, we validated the role of COP1 in RCC using in vivo experiments.ResultsCOP1 was significantly correlated with poor patient prognosis. Functional studies demonstrated that COP1 overexpression markedly increased RCC cell proliferation by 65% (786-O) and 58% (ACHN) (p < 0.001) and enhanced migration/invasion (p < 0.01), while COP1 knockdown suppressed these malignant phenotypes by 40–50%. Mechanistically, COP1 directly bound ACSL4 and promoted its K48-linked ubiquitination, reducing ACSL4 protein stability by 70% (p < 0.001) and suppressing ferroptosis, as evidenced by decreased lipid ROS levels (p < 0.01) and reversal of ferroptosis inhibition by ferrostatin-1. In vivo, COP1 overexpression accelerated tumor growth in xenograft models, with a 2.5-fold increase in tumor volume compared to controls (p < 0.001), accompanied by reduced ACSL4 expression and elevated Ki67 proliferation index. These effects were further amplified by the ferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin-1, underscoring COP1’s role in driving tumor progression through ferroptosis suppression.ConclusionOur study establishes COP1 as a critical driver of RCC progression by suppressing ferroptosis through ubiquitin-mediated degradation of ACSL4, thereby providing a novel theoretical foundation for targeted therapeutic strategies in RCC.
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spelling doaj-art-604330fdb8e84478b54aa7772e4e4e582025-08-20T03:52:14ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Oncology2234-943X2025-05-011510.3389/fonc.2025.15707271570727COP1 drives renal cell carcinoma progression by targeting ACSL4 for ubiquitin-mediated degradation and inhibiting ferroptosisYuxiao Zheng0Lei Jiang1Feng Qi2Bo Peng3Department of Urologic Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research and Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, ChinaDepartment of Urologic Surgery, Zhenjiang Hospital of Chinese Traditional and Western Medicine, Zhenjiang, ChinaDepartment of Urologic Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research and Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, ChinaClinical Medical College of Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, ChinaBackgroundRenal cell carcinoma (RCC) progression is closely linked to dysregulation of the ubiquitin-proteasome system, particularly aberrant ubiquitination processes governing protein degradation and cell cycle control. As a pivotal E3 ubiquitin ligase, COP1 mediates substrate-specific ubiquitination to regulate protein stability. However, its functional role in RCC remains poorly characterized. This study investigates how COP1 drives RCC malignancy and explores its underlying molecular mechanisms.MethodsWe analyzed the expression of COP1 in RCC cells and its relationship with patient overall survival (OS) in databases. The CCK-8 assay was used to detect the effect of COP1 on the proliferation of RCC cells, while the Transwell assay was used to assess the impact of COP1 on the migration and invasion of RCC cells. We employed mass spectrometry, co-immunoprecipitation, Western blot, and RT-qPCR to explore the target proteins that interact with COP1 and their interaction modes. After inducing with ferroptosis inducers, we measured the effect of COP1 on lipid ROS levels in RCC cells. Finally, we validated the role of COP1 in RCC using in vivo experiments.ResultsCOP1 was significantly correlated with poor patient prognosis. Functional studies demonstrated that COP1 overexpression markedly increased RCC cell proliferation by 65% (786-O) and 58% (ACHN) (p < 0.001) and enhanced migration/invasion (p < 0.01), while COP1 knockdown suppressed these malignant phenotypes by 40–50%. Mechanistically, COP1 directly bound ACSL4 and promoted its K48-linked ubiquitination, reducing ACSL4 protein stability by 70% (p < 0.001) and suppressing ferroptosis, as evidenced by decreased lipid ROS levels (p < 0.01) and reversal of ferroptosis inhibition by ferrostatin-1. In vivo, COP1 overexpression accelerated tumor growth in xenograft models, with a 2.5-fold increase in tumor volume compared to controls (p < 0.001), accompanied by reduced ACSL4 expression and elevated Ki67 proliferation index. These effects were further amplified by the ferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin-1, underscoring COP1’s role in driving tumor progression through ferroptosis suppression.ConclusionOur study establishes COP1 as a critical driver of RCC progression by suppressing ferroptosis through ubiquitin-mediated degradation of ACSL4, thereby providing a novel theoretical foundation for targeted therapeutic strategies in RCC.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2025.1570727/fullCOP1ACSL4ubiquitinationferroptosisRCC
spellingShingle Yuxiao Zheng
Lei Jiang
Feng Qi
Bo Peng
COP1 drives renal cell carcinoma progression by targeting ACSL4 for ubiquitin-mediated degradation and inhibiting ferroptosis
Frontiers in Oncology
COP1
ACSL4
ubiquitination
ferroptosis
RCC
title COP1 drives renal cell carcinoma progression by targeting ACSL4 for ubiquitin-mediated degradation and inhibiting ferroptosis
title_full COP1 drives renal cell carcinoma progression by targeting ACSL4 for ubiquitin-mediated degradation and inhibiting ferroptosis
title_fullStr COP1 drives renal cell carcinoma progression by targeting ACSL4 for ubiquitin-mediated degradation and inhibiting ferroptosis
title_full_unstemmed COP1 drives renal cell carcinoma progression by targeting ACSL4 for ubiquitin-mediated degradation and inhibiting ferroptosis
title_short COP1 drives renal cell carcinoma progression by targeting ACSL4 for ubiquitin-mediated degradation and inhibiting ferroptosis
title_sort cop1 drives renal cell carcinoma progression by targeting acsl4 for ubiquitin mediated degradation and inhibiting ferroptosis
topic COP1
ACSL4
ubiquitination
ferroptosis
RCC
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2025.1570727/full
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AT leijiang cop1drivesrenalcellcarcinomaprogressionbytargetingacsl4forubiquitinmediateddegradationandinhibitingferroptosis
AT fengqi cop1drivesrenalcellcarcinomaprogressionbytargetingacsl4forubiquitinmediateddegradationandinhibitingferroptosis
AT bopeng cop1drivesrenalcellcarcinomaprogressionbytargetingacsl4forubiquitinmediateddegradationandinhibitingferroptosis