Functional Outlook of <i>Penicillium digitatum PdMFS6</i> Transporter to Elucidate Its Role in Fungicide Resistance and Virulence

A novel <i>Penicillium digitatum</i> MFS transporter, PdMFS6 (PDIP_42530), was recognized, and its function was studied to explain its relevance in the simultaneous development of resistance to different fungicide spectrums. No changes were detected after application of chemical fungicid...

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Main Author: Paloma Sánchez-Torres
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Microorganisms
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/6/1213
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author Paloma Sánchez-Torres
author_facet Paloma Sánchez-Torres
author_sort Paloma Sánchez-Torres
collection DOAJ
description A novel <i>Penicillium digitatum</i> MFS transporter, PdMFS6 (PDIP_42530), was recognized, and its function was studied to explain its relevance in the simultaneous development of resistance to different fungicide spectrums. No changes were detected after application of chemical fungicides in mutants with the deleted gene, but chemical susceptibility was severely impaired in overexpressing strains, that became persistent to different chemicals. Furthermore, <i>P. digitatum</i> deleted transformants showed less fungal virulence appraise upon citrus infection stored at 20 °C. In strains derived from Pd149-<i>P. digitatum</i> with low virulence and overexpressing PdMFS6, the signs of the disease were more evident. In addition, evaluation of gene transcription showed an increase in PdMFS6 gene expression over time in all <i>P. digitatum</i> strains tested. It is noteworthy that during citrus fruit infection, the wild-type Pd1 strain displayed an augmented level of transcription, indicating that this transporter plays a role in infectivity. The fungal transporter PdMFS6 could contribute to the susceptibility to chemicals commonly used in postharvest treatments, as well as to rise the virulence of <i>P. digitatum</i> during fruit infection.
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spelling doaj-art-601c345b92284044888e89276cc6bf932025-08-20T02:21:04ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072025-05-01136121310.3390/microorganisms13061213Functional Outlook of <i>Penicillium digitatum PdMFS6</i> Transporter to Elucidate Its Role in Fungicide Resistance and VirulencePaloma Sánchez-Torres0Food Biotechnology Department, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Catedrático Agustín Escardino Benlloch 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, SpainA novel <i>Penicillium digitatum</i> MFS transporter, PdMFS6 (PDIP_42530), was recognized, and its function was studied to explain its relevance in the simultaneous development of resistance to different fungicide spectrums. No changes were detected after application of chemical fungicides in mutants with the deleted gene, but chemical susceptibility was severely impaired in overexpressing strains, that became persistent to different chemicals. Furthermore, <i>P. digitatum</i> deleted transformants showed less fungal virulence appraise upon citrus infection stored at 20 °C. In strains derived from Pd149-<i>P. digitatum</i> with low virulence and overexpressing PdMFS6, the signs of the disease were more evident. In addition, evaluation of gene transcription showed an increase in PdMFS6 gene expression over time in all <i>P. digitatum</i> strains tested. It is noteworthy that during citrus fruit infection, the wild-type Pd1 strain displayed an augmented level of transcription, indicating that this transporter plays a role in infectivity. The fungal transporter PdMFS6 could contribute to the susceptibility to chemicals commonly used in postharvest treatments, as well as to rise the virulence of <i>P. digitatum</i> during fruit infection.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/6/1213citrusfungicide susceptibilityMDRMFS transporter<i>Penicillium digitatum</i>postharvest
spellingShingle Paloma Sánchez-Torres
Functional Outlook of <i>Penicillium digitatum PdMFS6</i> Transporter to Elucidate Its Role in Fungicide Resistance and Virulence
Microorganisms
citrus
fungicide susceptibility
MDR
MFS transporter
<i>Penicillium digitatum</i>
postharvest
title Functional Outlook of <i>Penicillium digitatum PdMFS6</i> Transporter to Elucidate Its Role in Fungicide Resistance and Virulence
title_full Functional Outlook of <i>Penicillium digitatum PdMFS6</i> Transporter to Elucidate Its Role in Fungicide Resistance and Virulence
title_fullStr Functional Outlook of <i>Penicillium digitatum PdMFS6</i> Transporter to Elucidate Its Role in Fungicide Resistance and Virulence
title_full_unstemmed Functional Outlook of <i>Penicillium digitatum PdMFS6</i> Transporter to Elucidate Its Role in Fungicide Resistance and Virulence
title_short Functional Outlook of <i>Penicillium digitatum PdMFS6</i> Transporter to Elucidate Its Role in Fungicide Resistance and Virulence
title_sort functional outlook of i penicillium digitatum pdmfs6 i transporter to elucidate its role in fungicide resistance and virulence
topic citrus
fungicide susceptibility
MDR
MFS transporter
<i>Penicillium digitatum</i>
postharvest
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/6/1213
work_keys_str_mv AT palomasancheztorres functionaloutlookofipenicilliumdigitatumpdmfs6itransportertoelucidateitsroleinfungicideresistanceandvirulence