Association between catastrophic health expenditure and mental health among elderly in China: the potential role of income and social activity

Abstract Background Little is known about the association between catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) and mental health in elderly population and its potential moderators. This study examined the relationship between CHE and depressive symptoms in Chinese older persons and its difference between g...

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Main Authors: Siwei Sun, Xuechun Wang, Na Guo, Peipei Li, Ruoxi Ding, Dawei Zhu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-04-01
Series:BMC Geriatrics
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-025-05887-9
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author Siwei Sun
Xuechun Wang
Na Guo
Peipei Li
Ruoxi Ding
Dawei Zhu
author_facet Siwei Sun
Xuechun Wang
Na Guo
Peipei Li
Ruoxi Ding
Dawei Zhu
author_sort Siwei Sun
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Little is known about the association between catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) and mental health in elderly population and its potential moderators. This study examined the relationship between CHE and depressive symptoms in Chinese older persons and its difference between groups of different income level and social activity engagement. Methods We employed data from the 4 waves (2011, 2013, 2015, and 2018, N = 15,406) of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). A linear mixed model was used to examine the association between depressive symptoms and CHE, and interaction terms were involved in the model to examine the moderating role of social activity and income levels. Results Significant correlations have been shown between CHE and depressive symptoms(coefficient = 0.363, P < 0.05), such association was more pronounced in socially inactive (P = 0.034, Difference = 0.37, interaction terms (social activity*CHE: -1.189) or low-income seniors (P < 0.001, Difference = 0.77, interaction terms (medium income*CHE: -0.594, P < 0.05, high income*CHE: -0.667, P < 0.01), and especially in socially inactive and low-income seniors (P < 0.001, Difference = 0.93, interaction terms (high income*CHE*social acitivity: 1.132, P < 0.05). Even after increasing the threshold of CHE to 20% and 25%, similar pattern was observed. Conclusions This study suggest a positive association between CHE event and depressive symptoms, as well as the protective effect of advantaged financial status and engagement of social activity. Our finding provide empirical evidence to call for urgent action for government and public health authorities, to address the high medical expenditure, psychological stress among elderly, especially for low-income households or elderly living alone.
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spelling doaj-art-5f5cd764b6ee4518a2c9cc20ea00a9a22025-08-20T02:17:13ZengBMCBMC Geriatrics1471-23182025-04-0125111110.1186/s12877-025-05887-9Association between catastrophic health expenditure and mental health among elderly in China: the potential role of income and social activitySiwei Sun0Xuechun Wang1Na Guo2Peipei Li3Ruoxi Ding4Dawei Zhu5Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital)Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital)China Population and Development Research CenterShandong Institute of Brain Science and Brain-inspired Research, Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesPeking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital)Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking UniversityAbstract Background Little is known about the association between catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) and mental health in elderly population and its potential moderators. This study examined the relationship between CHE and depressive symptoms in Chinese older persons and its difference between groups of different income level and social activity engagement. Methods We employed data from the 4 waves (2011, 2013, 2015, and 2018, N = 15,406) of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). A linear mixed model was used to examine the association between depressive symptoms and CHE, and interaction terms were involved in the model to examine the moderating role of social activity and income levels. Results Significant correlations have been shown between CHE and depressive symptoms(coefficient = 0.363, P < 0.05), such association was more pronounced in socially inactive (P = 0.034, Difference = 0.37, interaction terms (social activity*CHE: -1.189) or low-income seniors (P < 0.001, Difference = 0.77, interaction terms (medium income*CHE: -0.594, P < 0.05, high income*CHE: -0.667, P < 0.01), and especially in socially inactive and low-income seniors (P < 0.001, Difference = 0.93, interaction terms (high income*CHE*social acitivity: 1.132, P < 0.05). Even after increasing the threshold of CHE to 20% and 25%, similar pattern was observed. Conclusions This study suggest a positive association between CHE event and depressive symptoms, as well as the protective effect of advantaged financial status and engagement of social activity. Our finding provide empirical evidence to call for urgent action for government and public health authorities, to address the high medical expenditure, psychological stress among elderly, especially for low-income households or elderly living alone.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-025-05887-9Depressive symptoms, catastrophic health expenditureIncomeLongitudinal studySocial activity
spellingShingle Siwei Sun
Xuechun Wang
Na Guo
Peipei Li
Ruoxi Ding
Dawei Zhu
Association between catastrophic health expenditure and mental health among elderly in China: the potential role of income and social activity
BMC Geriatrics
Depressive symptoms, catastrophic health expenditure
Income
Longitudinal study
Social activity
title Association between catastrophic health expenditure and mental health among elderly in China: the potential role of income and social activity
title_full Association between catastrophic health expenditure and mental health among elderly in China: the potential role of income and social activity
title_fullStr Association between catastrophic health expenditure and mental health among elderly in China: the potential role of income and social activity
title_full_unstemmed Association between catastrophic health expenditure and mental health among elderly in China: the potential role of income and social activity
title_short Association between catastrophic health expenditure and mental health among elderly in China: the potential role of income and social activity
title_sort association between catastrophic health expenditure and mental health among elderly in china the potential role of income and social activity
topic Depressive symptoms, catastrophic health expenditure
Income
Longitudinal study
Social activity
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-025-05887-9
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