Impact of wave–current coupling on the bottom boundary layer in Bohai Bay
Sediment resuspension primarily occurs within the bottom boundary layer (BBL) of water bodies, particularly in silty coastal environments, and helps form the fluid mud layer (FML). In this study, we report data on the water level, waves, currents, and suspended sediment concentration (SSC) collected...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Marine Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2024.1521925/full |
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| author | Siyu Liu Siyu Liu Guangxue Li Xue Liu Lulu Qiao Nan Wang Shidong Liu Xiangdong Wang Di Yu Lei Zhang |
| author_facet | Siyu Liu Siyu Liu Guangxue Li Xue Liu Lulu Qiao Nan Wang Shidong Liu Xiangdong Wang Di Yu Lei Zhang |
| author_sort | Siyu Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Sediment resuspension primarily occurs within the bottom boundary layer (BBL) of water bodies, particularly in silty coastal environments, and helps form the fluid mud layer (FML). In this study, we report data on the water level, waves, currents, and suspended sediment concentration (SSC) collected from the Bohai Sea over one year, at a vertical resolution of 4 cm, by using the acoustic wave and current profiler, acoustic Doppler current profiler, and an acoustic backscattering system. The aim was to investigate the mechanisms of formation and disappearance of the FML as driven by wave–current interactions on silty seabeds The findings revealed a thin and stable FML within 4–12 cm of the seabed in shallow waters. Strong waves contributed more significantly to sediment resuspension than strong currents. Moreover, the SSC near the seabed was generally governed by the currents, while waves were predominant in this regard in stormy conditions. The index of intensity of the bottom shear β—defined as the ratio of the wave–current-induced shear stress to the critical shear stress—was identified as a sensitive indicator of variations in the SSC. Significant sediment resuspension occurred in case of the coupling of large wave and current events on the fine-grained seabed, when the value of β exceeded 10 for more than 20 h and the Rouse number persisted below 0.01 for over 30 h. Following the storm (β < 10), the sediment gradually accumulated, and this led to the formation of the FML. Prolonged periods in which the value of β surpassed 10 for over 10 h while that of the Rouse number remained below 0.01 for more than 30 h resulted in considerable sediment resuspension and the destruction of the FML. Our results highlight the profound impacts of wave–current interactions on the formation and disappearance of the FML within the BBL in silty, shallow marine environments. The work here offers critical insights into the dynamics of fine-particle sediment, and provides suggestions for mitigating the negative effects associated with the FML. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-5eb462371570435891c8227b27d16a3c |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2296-7745 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Marine Science |
| spelling | doaj-art-5eb462371570435891c8227b27d16a3c2025-01-20T05:23:42ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Marine Science2296-77452025-01-011110.3389/fmars.2024.15219251521925Impact of wave–current coupling on the bottom boundary layer in Bohai BaySiyu Liu0Siyu Liu1Guangxue Li2Xue Liu3Lulu Qiao4Nan Wang5Shidong Liu6Xiangdong Wang7Di Yu8Lei Zhang9College of Marine Geosciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, ChinaAcademy of the Future Ocean, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, ChinaCollege of Marine Geosciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, ChinaNational Satellite Meteorological Center and National Center for Space Weather, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing, ChinaCollege of Marine Geosciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, ChinaCollege of Oceanic and Atmospheric, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, ChinaCollege of Marine Geosciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, ChinaShandong Continental Shelf Marine Technology Co., Ltd., Qingdao, ChinaCollege of Marine Geosciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, ChinaCollege of Marine Geosciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, ChinaSediment resuspension primarily occurs within the bottom boundary layer (BBL) of water bodies, particularly in silty coastal environments, and helps form the fluid mud layer (FML). In this study, we report data on the water level, waves, currents, and suspended sediment concentration (SSC) collected from the Bohai Sea over one year, at a vertical resolution of 4 cm, by using the acoustic wave and current profiler, acoustic Doppler current profiler, and an acoustic backscattering system. The aim was to investigate the mechanisms of formation and disappearance of the FML as driven by wave–current interactions on silty seabeds The findings revealed a thin and stable FML within 4–12 cm of the seabed in shallow waters. Strong waves contributed more significantly to sediment resuspension than strong currents. Moreover, the SSC near the seabed was generally governed by the currents, while waves were predominant in this regard in stormy conditions. The index of intensity of the bottom shear β—defined as the ratio of the wave–current-induced shear stress to the critical shear stress—was identified as a sensitive indicator of variations in the SSC. Significant sediment resuspension occurred in case of the coupling of large wave and current events on the fine-grained seabed, when the value of β exceeded 10 for more than 20 h and the Rouse number persisted below 0.01 for over 30 h. Following the storm (β < 10), the sediment gradually accumulated, and this led to the formation of the FML. Prolonged periods in which the value of β surpassed 10 for over 10 h while that of the Rouse number remained below 0.01 for more than 30 h resulted in considerable sediment resuspension and the destruction of the FML. Our results highlight the profound impacts of wave–current interactions on the formation and disappearance of the FML within the BBL in silty, shallow marine environments. The work here offers critical insights into the dynamics of fine-particle sediment, and provides suggestions for mitigating the negative effects associated with the FML.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2024.1521925/fullfluid mud layerbottom boundary layershear stresssediment resuspensionwave-current coupling |
| spellingShingle | Siyu Liu Siyu Liu Guangxue Li Xue Liu Lulu Qiao Nan Wang Shidong Liu Xiangdong Wang Di Yu Lei Zhang Impact of wave–current coupling on the bottom boundary layer in Bohai Bay Frontiers in Marine Science fluid mud layer bottom boundary layer shear stress sediment resuspension wave-current coupling |
| title | Impact of wave–current coupling on the bottom boundary layer in Bohai Bay |
| title_full | Impact of wave–current coupling on the bottom boundary layer in Bohai Bay |
| title_fullStr | Impact of wave–current coupling on the bottom boundary layer in Bohai Bay |
| title_full_unstemmed | Impact of wave–current coupling on the bottom boundary layer in Bohai Bay |
| title_short | Impact of wave–current coupling on the bottom boundary layer in Bohai Bay |
| title_sort | impact of wave current coupling on the bottom boundary layer in bohai bay |
| topic | fluid mud layer bottom boundary layer shear stress sediment resuspension wave-current coupling |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2024.1521925/full |
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