Health impact of using anti-PD-(L)1 agents to treat early-stage cancers in Switzerland: a modeling study

BackgroundInhibitors of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1) (referred to hereafter as anti-PD-(L)1 agents) are approved to treat a variety of advanced-stage cancers. Incorporating these agents into neoadjuvant/adjuvant treatment regimens for early-stage cancers may provide...

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Main Authors: Andrea Favre-Bulle, Maja Stanković, Tyler Mantaian, Claudia Frei, Sonja Schaefer, Sarah Sharon Gabriel, Demet Sönmez, Raquel Aguiar-Ibáñez
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-07-01
Series:Frontiers in Immunology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1601377/full
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author Andrea Favre-Bulle
Maja Stanković
Tyler Mantaian
Claudia Frei
Sonja Schaefer
Sarah Sharon Gabriel
Demet Sönmez
Raquel Aguiar-Ibáñez
author_facet Andrea Favre-Bulle
Maja Stanković
Tyler Mantaian
Claudia Frei
Sonja Schaefer
Sarah Sharon Gabriel
Demet Sönmez
Raquel Aguiar-Ibáñez
author_sort Andrea Favre-Bulle
collection DOAJ
description BackgroundInhibitors of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1) (referred to hereafter as anti-PD-(L)1 agents) are approved to treat a variety of advanced-stage cancers. Incorporating these agents into neoadjuvant/adjuvant treatment regimens for early-stage cancers may provide health and economic benefits at the population level.MethodsA health outcomes projection model compared two scenarios in Switzerland: I) anti-PD-(L)1 agents used only for advanced/metastatic disease, and II) anti-PD-(L)1 agents starting in the neoadjuvant/adjuvant setting. The model focused on three cancers for which anti-PD-(L)1 agents are currently approved in Europe in early stages: melanoma, renal cell carcinoma (RCC), and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), projecting clinical evolution over 10 years. Estimated outcomes included life-years, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), recurrences/events, active treatments for metastatic disease, adverse events, and deaths.ResultsOf the estimated 10,659 eligible patients during 2022-2031, 9,050 were predicted to initiate neoadjuvant and/or adjuvant treatment with anti-PD-(L)1 agents for treatment of melanoma, RCC, or TNBC. Compared to anti-PD-(L)1 agents being available only in the metastatic setting, use of anti-PD-(L)1 agents in the neoadjuvant and/or adjuvant setting for these 3 cancers was projected to avoid 1,144 recurrences (a 27% decrease), prevent 1,577 active treatments in the metastatic setting (a 35% decrease), avoid 530 deaths (a 23% decrease), and increase life-years without recurrence by 3,416 (a 10% increase).ConclusionThe use of anti-PD(L)1 agents to treat early-stage cancers in Switzerland is anticipated to result in better outcomes by preventing recurrences/events, active metastatic treatments, and deaths.
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spelling doaj-art-5e4ff896e1dc4ea29fd71dc485e2baa22025-08-20T02:38:46ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242025-07-011610.3389/fimmu.2025.16013771601377Health impact of using anti-PD-(L)1 agents to treat early-stage cancers in Switzerland: a modeling studyAndrea Favre-Bulle0Maja Stanković1Tyler Mantaian2Claudia Frei3Sonja Schaefer4Sarah Sharon Gabriel5Demet Sönmez6Raquel Aguiar-Ibáñez7Global Human Health, MSD, Lucerne, SwitzerlandGlobal Human Health, MSD, Lucerne, SwitzerlandLumanity, Bethesda, MD, United StatesGlobal Medical and Scientific Affairs, MSD, Lucerne, SwitzerlandEuropean Clinical Development, Oncology, MSD, Zurich, SwitzerlandGlobal Medical and Scientific Affairs, MSD, Lucerne, SwitzerlandGlobal Medical and Scientific Affairs, MSD, Stockholm, SwedenMerck Canada, Inc., Kirkland, QC, CanadaBackgroundInhibitors of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1) (referred to hereafter as anti-PD-(L)1 agents) are approved to treat a variety of advanced-stage cancers. Incorporating these agents into neoadjuvant/adjuvant treatment regimens for early-stage cancers may provide health and economic benefits at the population level.MethodsA health outcomes projection model compared two scenarios in Switzerland: I) anti-PD-(L)1 agents used only for advanced/metastatic disease, and II) anti-PD-(L)1 agents starting in the neoadjuvant/adjuvant setting. The model focused on three cancers for which anti-PD-(L)1 agents are currently approved in Europe in early stages: melanoma, renal cell carcinoma (RCC), and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), projecting clinical evolution over 10 years. Estimated outcomes included life-years, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), recurrences/events, active treatments for metastatic disease, adverse events, and deaths.ResultsOf the estimated 10,659 eligible patients during 2022-2031, 9,050 were predicted to initiate neoadjuvant and/or adjuvant treatment with anti-PD-(L)1 agents for treatment of melanoma, RCC, or TNBC. Compared to anti-PD-(L)1 agents being available only in the metastatic setting, use of anti-PD-(L)1 agents in the neoadjuvant and/or adjuvant setting for these 3 cancers was projected to avoid 1,144 recurrences (a 27% decrease), prevent 1,577 active treatments in the metastatic setting (a 35% decrease), avoid 530 deaths (a 23% decrease), and increase life-years without recurrence by 3,416 (a 10% increase).ConclusionThe use of anti-PD(L)1 agents to treat early-stage cancers in Switzerland is anticipated to result in better outcomes by preventing recurrences/events, active metastatic treatments, and deaths.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1601377/fullimmune checkpoint inhibitorsmelanomanivolumabpembrolizumabrenal cell carcinomatriple-negative breast cancer
spellingShingle Andrea Favre-Bulle
Maja Stanković
Tyler Mantaian
Claudia Frei
Sonja Schaefer
Sarah Sharon Gabriel
Demet Sönmez
Raquel Aguiar-Ibáñez
Health impact of using anti-PD-(L)1 agents to treat early-stage cancers in Switzerland: a modeling study
Frontiers in Immunology
immune checkpoint inhibitors
melanoma
nivolumab
pembrolizumab
renal cell carcinoma
triple-negative breast cancer
title Health impact of using anti-PD-(L)1 agents to treat early-stage cancers in Switzerland: a modeling study
title_full Health impact of using anti-PD-(L)1 agents to treat early-stage cancers in Switzerland: a modeling study
title_fullStr Health impact of using anti-PD-(L)1 agents to treat early-stage cancers in Switzerland: a modeling study
title_full_unstemmed Health impact of using anti-PD-(L)1 agents to treat early-stage cancers in Switzerland: a modeling study
title_short Health impact of using anti-PD-(L)1 agents to treat early-stage cancers in Switzerland: a modeling study
title_sort health impact of using anti pd l 1 agents to treat early stage cancers in switzerland a modeling study
topic immune checkpoint inhibitors
melanoma
nivolumab
pembrolizumab
renal cell carcinoma
triple-negative breast cancer
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1601377/full
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