Urban Spatial Naturalness Degree in the Planning of Ultra-High-Density Cities: The Case of Urban Green Open Spaces in Macau
This study deeply examines the livable environment in high-density cities like Macau, focusing on urban green spaces. The study introduces the “urban spatial naturalness degree” indicator, exploring its application with urban population growth and green space expansion. The research utilizes the pla...
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MDPI AG
2025-01-01
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| author | Jitai Li Fan Lin Hongcan Cui Shuai Yang Yile Chen |
| author_facet | Jitai Li Fan Lin Hongcan Cui Shuai Yang Yile Chen |
| author_sort | Jitai Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study deeply examines the livable environment in high-density cities like Macau, focusing on urban green spaces. The study introduces the “urban spatial naturalness degree” indicator, exploring its application with urban population growth and green space expansion. The research utilizes the planning indicator of “urban spatial naturalness degree”, and then explores the application paradigm of matching increments between urban population growth and green open space and a bottom-line planning indicator suitable for Macau. Among them, the “USND” indicator is defined as “the visual perception rate of blue and green natural elements in the three-dimensional space of urban land”, which is specifically expressed as “the average function of the occupation rate of urban green open space and the visibility rate of blue–green space of main street scenes”. Based on this, this paper estimates the incremental planning indicators of green open space in Macau and various urban areas during the implementation of the Master Plan of Macau (2020–2040). The results show the following: (1) The study found that the land increment in green open space in Macau basically matches the potential of reserve resources. (2) For Class I and Class II urban areas in Macau, the USND value is estimated to be 42.96% and 32.62% in 2040, respectively. These values are expected to reach the international excellent level. (3) For Class III and Class IV urban areas, the USND values could reach 20.14% and 15.14%, respectively, which are considered to be at the international middle level in 2040. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-5e233c22a8d7426cace848fbe07f90cf2025-01-24T13:26:10ZengMDPI AGBuildings2075-53092025-01-0115220610.3390/buildings15020206Urban Spatial Naturalness Degree in the Planning of Ultra-High-Density Cities: The Case of Urban Green Open Spaces in MacauJitai Li0Fan Lin1Hongcan Cui2Shuai Yang3Yile Chen4School of Landscape Architecture, Guangdong Eco-Engineering Polytechnic, No. 297, Guangshan 1st Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510520, ChinaFaculty of Business, City University of Macau, Avenida Padre Tomás Pereira, Taipa, Macau 999078, ChinaSchool of Landscape Architecture, Guangdong Eco-Engineering Polytechnic, No. 297, Guangshan 1st Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510520, ChinaSchool of Art and Archaeology, Hangzhou City University, No. 51 Huzhou Street, Gongshu District, Hangzhou 310015, ChinaFaculty of Humanities and Arts, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau 999078, ChinaThis study deeply examines the livable environment in high-density cities like Macau, focusing on urban green spaces. The study introduces the “urban spatial naturalness degree” indicator, exploring its application with urban population growth and green space expansion. The research utilizes the planning indicator of “urban spatial naturalness degree”, and then explores the application paradigm of matching increments between urban population growth and green open space and a bottom-line planning indicator suitable for Macau. Among them, the “USND” indicator is defined as “the visual perception rate of blue and green natural elements in the three-dimensional space of urban land”, which is specifically expressed as “the average function of the occupation rate of urban green open space and the visibility rate of blue–green space of main street scenes”. Based on this, this paper estimates the incremental planning indicators of green open space in Macau and various urban areas during the implementation of the Master Plan of Macau (2020–2040). The results show the following: (1) The study found that the land increment in green open space in Macau basically matches the potential of reserve resources. (2) For Class I and Class II urban areas in Macau, the USND value is estimated to be 42.96% and 32.62% in 2040, respectively. These values are expected to reach the international excellent level. (3) For Class III and Class IV urban areas, the USND values could reach 20.14% and 15.14%, respectively, which are considered to be at the international middle level in 2040.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/15/2/206blue–green spaces occupancy rate within urban land (BGOR)blue–green spaces visibility rate of main streetscapes (BGVR)Macauurban open space planning indicatorurban spatial naturalness degree (USND) |
| spellingShingle | Jitai Li Fan Lin Hongcan Cui Shuai Yang Yile Chen Urban Spatial Naturalness Degree in the Planning of Ultra-High-Density Cities: The Case of Urban Green Open Spaces in Macau Buildings blue–green spaces occupancy rate within urban land (BGOR) blue–green spaces visibility rate of main streetscapes (BGVR) Macau urban open space planning indicator urban spatial naturalness degree (USND) |
| title | Urban Spatial Naturalness Degree in the Planning of Ultra-High-Density Cities: The Case of Urban Green Open Spaces in Macau |
| title_full | Urban Spatial Naturalness Degree in the Planning of Ultra-High-Density Cities: The Case of Urban Green Open Spaces in Macau |
| title_fullStr | Urban Spatial Naturalness Degree in the Planning of Ultra-High-Density Cities: The Case of Urban Green Open Spaces in Macau |
| title_full_unstemmed | Urban Spatial Naturalness Degree in the Planning of Ultra-High-Density Cities: The Case of Urban Green Open Spaces in Macau |
| title_short | Urban Spatial Naturalness Degree in the Planning of Ultra-High-Density Cities: The Case of Urban Green Open Spaces in Macau |
| title_sort | urban spatial naturalness degree in the planning of ultra high density cities the case of urban green open spaces in macau |
| topic | blue–green spaces occupancy rate within urban land (BGOR) blue–green spaces visibility rate of main streetscapes (BGVR) Macau urban open space planning indicator urban spatial naturalness degree (USND) |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/15/2/206 |
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