The mechanism of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in cell apoptosis and ROS (reactive oxygen species) of CNE2 cell line induced by single wall carbon nanohorn (SWCNH)
IntroductionThe interaction between the materials themselves and cancer cells are rarely explored. Therefore, the biological roles of raw single wall carbon nanohorn (SWCNH) on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in the apoptosis of CNE2 were explored.MethodsTherefore, ERS of CNE2 cells was induced by...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-01-01
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| author | Xianbao Cao Shunmin Gong Shujin Chen Shuang Hu Tianshu Li Yanfei Guan Chun Feng Jinqian Zhang |
| author_facet | Xianbao Cao Shunmin Gong Shujin Chen Shuang Hu Tianshu Li Yanfei Guan Chun Feng Jinqian Zhang |
| author_sort | Xianbao Cao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | IntroductionThe interaction between the materials themselves and cancer cells are rarely explored. Therefore, the biological roles of raw single wall carbon nanohorn (SWCNH) on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in the apoptosis of CNE2 were explored.MethodsTherefore, ERS of CNE2 cells was induced by SWCNH, and 4-phenylbutyrate (4-PBA) was selected as a inhibitor of ERS. CNE2 cells were co-cultured with SWCNH, 4-PBA and SWCNH+4-PBA, respectively. Furthermore, the apoptotic status of CNE2 cells and its ROS (Reactive oxygen species) levels were determined. Moreover, the apoptotic protein expression of caspase 3 (cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 3), the expression levels of ER pathway protein eIF2α, ATF4 and CHOP, or the OS (Oxidative stress)-related proteins NQO1, GCLC, HO-1, and Nrf2 was detected, respectively.ResultsCNE2 apoptotic rate, ROS levels, the caspase 3 or ER pathway proteins ATF4 and CHOP expression, even the NQO1, GCLC, HO-1, and Nrf2 levels of oxidative stress-related proteins in the groups of SWCNH and SWCNH+4-PBA were higher compared to the control group. Moreover, these indicators were higher compared to the group of SWCNH+4-PBA (p < 0.05).DiscussionER stress is the key possible mechanism of CNE2 apoptosis induced by SWCNH. After injury of ERS, SWCNH causes oxidative stress injury, which may eventually lead to apoptosis of CNE2 cells. |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-5e1e28b7b1ba42f3a55ae411dd42423f2025-01-28T06:40:56ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Materials2296-80162025-01-011110.3389/fmats.2024.14556481455648The mechanism of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in cell apoptosis and ROS (reactive oxygen species) of CNE2 cell line induced by single wall carbon nanohorn (SWCNH)Xianbao Cao0Shunmin Gong1Shujin Chen2Shuang Hu3Tianshu Li4Yanfei Guan5Chun Feng6Jinqian Zhang7Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Yunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Virology, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, ChinaDepartment of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Yunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Virology, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, ChinaDepartment of Otolaryngology Surgery, The Rongchang District People’s Hospital, Chongqing, ChinaDepartment of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Yunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Virology, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, ChinaDepartment of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Yunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Virology, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, ChinaDepartment of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Yunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Virology, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, ChinaDepartment of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Yunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Virology, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, ChinaDepartment of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Yunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Virology, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, ChinaIntroductionThe interaction between the materials themselves and cancer cells are rarely explored. Therefore, the biological roles of raw single wall carbon nanohorn (SWCNH) on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in the apoptosis of CNE2 were explored.MethodsTherefore, ERS of CNE2 cells was induced by SWCNH, and 4-phenylbutyrate (4-PBA) was selected as a inhibitor of ERS. CNE2 cells were co-cultured with SWCNH, 4-PBA and SWCNH+4-PBA, respectively. Furthermore, the apoptotic status of CNE2 cells and its ROS (Reactive oxygen species) levels were determined. Moreover, the apoptotic protein expression of caspase 3 (cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 3), the expression levels of ER pathway protein eIF2α, ATF4 and CHOP, or the OS (Oxidative stress)-related proteins NQO1, GCLC, HO-1, and Nrf2 was detected, respectively.ResultsCNE2 apoptotic rate, ROS levels, the caspase 3 or ER pathway proteins ATF4 and CHOP expression, even the NQO1, GCLC, HO-1, and Nrf2 levels of oxidative stress-related proteins in the groups of SWCNH and SWCNH+4-PBA were higher compared to the control group. Moreover, these indicators were higher compared to the group of SWCNH+4-PBA (p < 0.05).DiscussionER stress is the key possible mechanism of CNE2 apoptosis induced by SWCNH. After injury of ERS, SWCNH causes oxidative stress injury, which may eventually lead to apoptosis of CNE2 cells.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmats.2024.1455648/fullendoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)apoptosisnasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC)oxidative stresssingle-walled carbon nanohorn (SWCNH) |
| spellingShingle | Xianbao Cao Shunmin Gong Shujin Chen Shuang Hu Tianshu Li Yanfei Guan Chun Feng Jinqian Zhang The mechanism of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in cell apoptosis and ROS (reactive oxygen species) of CNE2 cell line induced by single wall carbon nanohorn (SWCNH) Frontiers in Materials endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) apoptosis nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) oxidative stress single-walled carbon nanohorn (SWCNH) |
| title | The mechanism of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in cell apoptosis and ROS (reactive oxygen species) of CNE2 cell line induced by single wall carbon nanohorn (SWCNH) |
| title_full | The mechanism of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in cell apoptosis and ROS (reactive oxygen species) of CNE2 cell line induced by single wall carbon nanohorn (SWCNH) |
| title_fullStr | The mechanism of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in cell apoptosis and ROS (reactive oxygen species) of CNE2 cell line induced by single wall carbon nanohorn (SWCNH) |
| title_full_unstemmed | The mechanism of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in cell apoptosis and ROS (reactive oxygen species) of CNE2 cell line induced by single wall carbon nanohorn (SWCNH) |
| title_short | The mechanism of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in cell apoptosis and ROS (reactive oxygen species) of CNE2 cell line induced by single wall carbon nanohorn (SWCNH) |
| title_sort | mechanism of endoplasmic reticulum er stress in cell apoptosis and ros reactive oxygen species of cne2 cell line induced by single wall carbon nanohorn swcnh |
| topic | endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) apoptosis nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) oxidative stress single-walled carbon nanohorn (SWCNH) |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmats.2024.1455648/full |
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