Clinical profile and outcomes analysis of HIV infection
Background India has the third largest number of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients, but the national prevalence is continuously receding owing to dedicated health centers as well as highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), which is associated with newer manifestations and outcomes. Co...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Termedia Publishing House
2024-10-01
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| Series: | HIV & AIDS Review. International Journal of HIV-Related Problems |
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| Online Access: | https://hivaids.termedia.pl/Clinical-profile-and-outcomes-analysis-of-HIV-infection,159109,0,2.html |
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| author | Ashwant Kumar Yoganathan Chidambaram Clement J. Dhas Nekkanti Abilash Murali Alagesan |
| author_facet | Ashwant Kumar Yoganathan Chidambaram Clement J. Dhas Nekkanti Abilash Murali Alagesan |
| author_sort | Ashwant Kumar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background
India has the third largest number of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients, but the national prevalence is continuously receding owing to dedicated health centers as well as highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), which is associated with newer manifestations and outcomes. Complete understanding of HIV paradigm would facilitate timely identification, intervention, and medical modulation to obtain maximum benefits with minimal side effects. The study aimed to analyze the clinical profile and disease outcomes of HIV patients.
Material and methods
This descriptive study included 200 HIV-positive patients, aged 20-70 years, attending or admitted to the study center. Participants were assessed for their demographic, medical, clinical, hematological, and viral characteristics as well as treatment rendered and disease outcomes. Descriptive statistics were applied.
Results
The participating cohort had a mean age of 40.52 ± 7.29 years and M : F ratio of 1.8 : 1. Most patients presented with fever (72.0%), weight loss (53.0%), anemia (11.5%), lymphadenopathy (11.0%), diabetes (23.0%), and respiratory involvement (47.5%). Tuberculosis (53.5%), candidiasis (29.5%), and Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (11.5%) were the most prevalent opportunistic infections. HAART was dominated by tenofovir + efavirenz + emtricitabine (TEE) (55%), causing reduction in viral load and rise in CD4 count in about 71% of patients. Nearly 38% of participants showed a combination of clinical, immunological, and virological failures. Renal tubular necrosis (5%) was the most common adverse effect of HAART, while 1% developed immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome.
Conclusions
All adult HIV patients should be screened for side effects associated with HAART medications in addition to typical HIV presentation. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-5e1b31ca521e4af6a6c28f981c0ff244 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1730-1270 1732-2707 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-10-01 |
| publisher | Termedia Publishing House |
| record_format | Article |
| series | HIV & AIDS Review. International Journal of HIV-Related Problems |
| spelling | doaj-art-5e1b31ca521e4af6a6c28f981c0ff2442025-01-27T11:06:39ZengTermedia Publishing HouseHIV & AIDS Review. International Journal of HIV-Related Problems1730-12701732-27072024-10-0123428228910.5114/hivar/159109159109Clinical profile and outcomes analysis of HIV infectionAshwant Kumar0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7622-6423Yoganathan Chidambaram1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3153-8183Clement J. Dhas2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5237-8326Nekkanti Abilash3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4136-8659Murali Alagesan4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5876-4033Department of General Medicine, ESI Medical College, Coimbatore, IndiaDepartment of General Medicine, PSG Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Peelamedu, Coimbatore, IndiaDepartment of General Medicine, PSG Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Peelamedu, Coimbatore, IndiaDepartment of General Medicine, PSG Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Peelamedu, Coimbatore, IndiaDepartment of General Medicine, PSG Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Peelamedu, Coimbatore, IndiaBackground India has the third largest number of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients, but the national prevalence is continuously receding owing to dedicated health centers as well as highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), which is associated with newer manifestations and outcomes. Complete understanding of HIV paradigm would facilitate timely identification, intervention, and medical modulation to obtain maximum benefits with minimal side effects. The study aimed to analyze the clinical profile and disease outcomes of HIV patients. Material and methods This descriptive study included 200 HIV-positive patients, aged 20-70 years, attending or admitted to the study center. Participants were assessed for their demographic, medical, clinical, hematological, and viral characteristics as well as treatment rendered and disease outcomes. Descriptive statistics were applied. Results The participating cohort had a mean age of 40.52 ± 7.29 years and M : F ratio of 1.8 : 1. Most patients presented with fever (72.0%), weight loss (53.0%), anemia (11.5%), lymphadenopathy (11.0%), diabetes (23.0%), and respiratory involvement (47.5%). Tuberculosis (53.5%), candidiasis (29.5%), and Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (11.5%) were the most prevalent opportunistic infections. HAART was dominated by tenofovir + efavirenz + emtricitabine (TEE) (55%), causing reduction in viral load and rise in CD4 count in about 71% of patients. Nearly 38% of participants showed a combination of clinical, immunological, and virological failures. Renal tubular necrosis (5%) was the most common adverse effect of HAART, while 1% developed immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. Conclusions All adult HIV patients should be screened for side effects associated with HAART medications in addition to typical HIV presentation.https://hivaids.termedia.pl/Clinical-profile-and-outcomes-analysis-of-HIV-infection,159109,0,2.htmlacquired immunodeficiency syndromehighly active antiretroviral therapyhivimmune reconstitution inflammatory syndromeopportunistic infectionstuberculosis |
| spellingShingle | Ashwant Kumar Yoganathan Chidambaram Clement J. Dhas Nekkanti Abilash Murali Alagesan Clinical profile and outcomes analysis of HIV infection HIV & AIDS Review. International Journal of HIV-Related Problems acquired immunodeficiency syndrome highly active antiretroviral therapy hiv immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome opportunistic infections tuberculosis |
| title | Clinical profile and outcomes analysis of HIV infection |
| title_full | Clinical profile and outcomes analysis of HIV infection |
| title_fullStr | Clinical profile and outcomes analysis of HIV infection |
| title_full_unstemmed | Clinical profile and outcomes analysis of HIV infection |
| title_short | Clinical profile and outcomes analysis of HIV infection |
| title_sort | clinical profile and outcomes analysis of hiv infection |
| topic | acquired immunodeficiency syndrome highly active antiretroviral therapy hiv immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome opportunistic infections tuberculosis |
| url | https://hivaids.termedia.pl/Clinical-profile-and-outcomes-analysis-of-HIV-infection,159109,0,2.html |
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