Experimental Validation of Designs for Permeable Diffractive Lenses Based on Photon Sieves for the Sensing of Running Fluids
This study reports the experimental validation of several designs of photon sieves with focusing capabilities. These permeable optical elements were implemented with a spatial light modulator working in pure-amplitude mode. The focal region was scanned using a traveling stage, holding a camera. Usin...
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MDPI AG
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Photonics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6732/12/5/486 |
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| author | Veronica Pastor-Villarrubia Angela Soria-Garcia Joaquin Andres-Porras Jesus del Hoyo Mahmoud H. Elshorbagy Luis Miguel Sanchez-Brea Javier Alda |
| author_facet | Veronica Pastor-Villarrubia Angela Soria-Garcia Joaquin Andres-Porras Jesus del Hoyo Mahmoud H. Elshorbagy Luis Miguel Sanchez-Brea Javier Alda |
| author_sort | Veronica Pastor-Villarrubia |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study reports the experimental validation of several designs of photon sieves with focusing capabilities. These permeable optical elements were implemented with a spatial light modulator working in pure-amplitude mode. The focal region was scanned using a traveling stage, holding a camera. Using this experimental setup, we characterized the focal region of the photon sieves and determined some parameters of interest, such as the depth of focus and the transverse extent of the focal region. These parameters and their evolution were measured and analyzed to compare the optical performance of different designs. Moreover, the permeability of the mask was also evaluated and is included in the discussion. When the photon sieve is intended to be used as an optical element for the monitoring of running fluids, one of the designs studied, labeled the Ring-by-Ring method, behaves in a quite balanced manner and thus has become the preferred choice. Through simulations for a refractometric sensor, we obtained the Figure of Merit of the Ring-by-Ring mask, which reached a maximum value of 7860 RIU<sup>−1</sup>, which is competitive with plasmonic sensing devices. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-5e086c9bf5bd4e569eb7b45dfcd545b7 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2304-6732 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Photonics |
| spelling | doaj-art-5e086c9bf5bd4e569eb7b45dfcd545b72025-08-20T01:56:41ZengMDPI AGPhotonics2304-67322025-05-0112548610.3390/photonics12050486Experimental Validation of Designs for Permeable Diffractive Lenses Based on Photon Sieves for the Sensing of Running FluidsVeronica Pastor-Villarrubia0Angela Soria-Garcia1Joaquin Andres-Porras2Jesus del Hoyo3Mahmoud H. Elshorbagy4Luis Miguel Sanchez-Brea5Javier Alda6Applied Optics Complutense Group, Optics Department, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, C/ Arcos de Jalón, 118, 28037 Madrid, SpainApplied Optics Complutense Group, Optics Department, Faculty of Physics, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de las Ciencias, 1, 28040 Madrid, SpainApplied Optics Complutense Group, Optics Department, Faculty of Physics, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de las Ciencias, 1, 28040 Madrid, SpainApplied Optics Complutense Group, Optics Department, Faculty of Physics, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de las Ciencias, 1, 28040 Madrid, SpainApplied Optics Complutense Group, Optics Department, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, C/ Arcos de Jalón, 118, 28037 Madrid, SpainApplied Optics Complutense Group, Optics Department, Faculty of Physics, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de las Ciencias, 1, 28040 Madrid, SpainApplied Optics Complutense Group, Optics Department, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, C/ Arcos de Jalón, 118, 28037 Madrid, SpainThis study reports the experimental validation of several designs of photon sieves with focusing capabilities. These permeable optical elements were implemented with a spatial light modulator working in pure-amplitude mode. The focal region was scanned using a traveling stage, holding a camera. Using this experimental setup, we characterized the focal region of the photon sieves and determined some parameters of interest, such as the depth of focus and the transverse extent of the focal region. These parameters and their evolution were measured and analyzed to compare the optical performance of different designs. Moreover, the permeability of the mask was also evaluated and is included in the discussion. When the photon sieve is intended to be used as an optical element for the monitoring of running fluids, one of the designs studied, labeled the Ring-by-Ring method, behaves in a quite balanced manner and thus has become the preferred choice. Through simulations for a refractometric sensor, we obtained the Figure of Merit of the Ring-by-Ring mask, which reached a maximum value of 7860 RIU<sup>−1</sup>, which is competitive with plasmonic sensing devices.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6732/12/5/486diffractiondiffractive optical elementsspatial light modulatorspermeable opticsphoton sievesrefractometric sensors |
| spellingShingle | Veronica Pastor-Villarrubia Angela Soria-Garcia Joaquin Andres-Porras Jesus del Hoyo Mahmoud H. Elshorbagy Luis Miguel Sanchez-Brea Javier Alda Experimental Validation of Designs for Permeable Diffractive Lenses Based on Photon Sieves for the Sensing of Running Fluids Photonics diffraction diffractive optical elements spatial light modulators permeable optics photon sieves refractometric sensors |
| title | Experimental Validation of Designs for Permeable Diffractive Lenses Based on Photon Sieves for the Sensing of Running Fluids |
| title_full | Experimental Validation of Designs for Permeable Diffractive Lenses Based on Photon Sieves for the Sensing of Running Fluids |
| title_fullStr | Experimental Validation of Designs for Permeable Diffractive Lenses Based on Photon Sieves for the Sensing of Running Fluids |
| title_full_unstemmed | Experimental Validation of Designs for Permeable Diffractive Lenses Based on Photon Sieves for the Sensing of Running Fluids |
| title_short | Experimental Validation of Designs for Permeable Diffractive Lenses Based on Photon Sieves for the Sensing of Running Fluids |
| title_sort | experimental validation of designs for permeable diffractive lenses based on photon sieves for the sensing of running fluids |
| topic | diffraction diffractive optical elements spatial light modulators permeable optics photon sieves refractometric sensors |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6732/12/5/486 |
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