The expansion and loss of specific olfactory genes in relatives of parasitic lice, the stored-product psocids (Psocodea: Liposcelididae)
Abstract Background Booklice, belonging to the genus Liposcelis (Psocodea: Liposcelididae), commonly known as psocids, infest a wide range of stored products and are implicated in the transmission of harmful microorganisms such as fungi and bacteria. The olfactory system is critical for insect feedi...
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BMC
2025-01-01
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| Series: | BMC Genomics |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-025-11231-7 |
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| author | Jun Sun Jian Wu Sheng-Yuan Sun Zhi-Dong Chen Guy Smagghe Jin-Jun Wang Dan-Dan Wei |
| author_facet | Jun Sun Jian Wu Sheng-Yuan Sun Zhi-Dong Chen Guy Smagghe Jin-Jun Wang Dan-Dan Wei |
| author_sort | Jun Sun |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Booklice, belonging to the genus Liposcelis (Psocodea: Liposcelididae), commonly known as psocids, infest a wide range of stored products and are implicated in the transmission of harmful microorganisms such as fungi and bacteria. The olfactory system is critical for insect feeding and reproduction. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms of the olfactory system in booklice is crucial for developing effective control strategies. In this study, we aim to bridge this knowledge gap by leveraging the transcriptome and genome data from five Liposcelis species. Result Using HMMER method and manual annotation, we have identified common gene families associated with olfactory processes, including odorant binding proteins (OBPs), chemosensory proteins (CSPs), odorant receptors (ORs), ionotropic receptors (IRs), and sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMPs). Specifically, we identified 94, 118, 26, 47, and 34 olfactory-related genes in L. bostrychophila, L. tricolor, L. entomophila, L. decolor, and L. yangi, respectively. Comparison of quantities revealed that the number of ORs and IRs in the genome is significantly higher than those identified in the transcriptome. This discrepancy may be due to the specific expression of these genes in certain tissues or their lack of expression during the experimental stage. Simultaneously, analysis of gene expression profiles across different developmental stages revealed varying periods of peak expression for olfactory-related genes. These results suggest that the identification of olfactory-related genes in booklice on a genome-wide scale is more feasible and reliable than using a transcriptome-based approach. Additionally, compared to parasitic lice, booklice possess significantly more olfactory-related genes. This increase may be due to the inability of parasitic lice to survive without a host, whereas booklice have a wide range of feeding habits and live in complex and variable environments. Furthermore, we observed that the IR gene family in L. tricolor has undergone a certain degree of amplification, which may facilitate its adaptation to diverse environmental conditions. Conclusions We identified olfactory-related genes of five Liposcelis species for the first time, providing valuable insights for future functional investigations into olfactory genes associated with pheromone and odorant recognition. These discoveries present promising targets for effectively managing psocid pests. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-5d77f9426ab9470bb32d7558ff3ba7d6 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1471-2164 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Genomics |
| spelling | doaj-art-5d77f9426ab9470bb32d7558ff3ba7d62025-01-19T12:11:31ZengBMCBMC Genomics1471-21642025-01-0126111610.1186/s12864-025-11231-7The expansion and loss of specific olfactory genes in relatives of parasitic lice, the stored-product psocids (Psocodea: Liposcelididae)Jun Sun0Jian Wu1Sheng-Yuan Sun2Zhi-Dong Chen3Guy Smagghe4Jin-Jun Wang5Dan-Dan Wei6Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest UniversityKey Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest UniversityKey Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest UniversityKey Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest UniversityDepartment of Crop Protection, Ghent UniversityKey Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest UniversityKey Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest UniversityAbstract Background Booklice, belonging to the genus Liposcelis (Psocodea: Liposcelididae), commonly known as psocids, infest a wide range of stored products and are implicated in the transmission of harmful microorganisms such as fungi and bacteria. The olfactory system is critical for insect feeding and reproduction. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms of the olfactory system in booklice is crucial for developing effective control strategies. In this study, we aim to bridge this knowledge gap by leveraging the transcriptome and genome data from five Liposcelis species. Result Using HMMER method and manual annotation, we have identified common gene families associated with olfactory processes, including odorant binding proteins (OBPs), chemosensory proteins (CSPs), odorant receptors (ORs), ionotropic receptors (IRs), and sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMPs). Specifically, we identified 94, 118, 26, 47, and 34 olfactory-related genes in L. bostrychophila, L. tricolor, L. entomophila, L. decolor, and L. yangi, respectively. Comparison of quantities revealed that the number of ORs and IRs in the genome is significantly higher than those identified in the transcriptome. This discrepancy may be due to the specific expression of these genes in certain tissues or their lack of expression during the experimental stage. Simultaneously, analysis of gene expression profiles across different developmental stages revealed varying periods of peak expression for olfactory-related genes. These results suggest that the identification of olfactory-related genes in booklice on a genome-wide scale is more feasible and reliable than using a transcriptome-based approach. Additionally, compared to parasitic lice, booklice possess significantly more olfactory-related genes. This increase may be due to the inability of parasitic lice to survive without a host, whereas booklice have a wide range of feeding habits and live in complex and variable environments. Furthermore, we observed that the IR gene family in L. tricolor has undergone a certain degree of amplification, which may facilitate its adaptation to diverse environmental conditions. Conclusions We identified olfactory-related genes of five Liposcelis species for the first time, providing valuable insights for future functional investigations into olfactory genes associated with pheromone and odorant recognition. These discoveries present promising targets for effectively managing psocid pests.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-025-11231-7BookliceStored-product pestsOlfactory-related geneTranscriptome analysisExpression level |
| spellingShingle | Jun Sun Jian Wu Sheng-Yuan Sun Zhi-Dong Chen Guy Smagghe Jin-Jun Wang Dan-Dan Wei The expansion and loss of specific olfactory genes in relatives of parasitic lice, the stored-product psocids (Psocodea: Liposcelididae) BMC Genomics Booklice Stored-product pests Olfactory-related gene Transcriptome analysis Expression level |
| title | The expansion and loss of specific olfactory genes in relatives of parasitic lice, the stored-product psocids (Psocodea: Liposcelididae) |
| title_full | The expansion and loss of specific olfactory genes in relatives of parasitic lice, the stored-product psocids (Psocodea: Liposcelididae) |
| title_fullStr | The expansion and loss of specific olfactory genes in relatives of parasitic lice, the stored-product psocids (Psocodea: Liposcelididae) |
| title_full_unstemmed | The expansion and loss of specific olfactory genes in relatives of parasitic lice, the stored-product psocids (Psocodea: Liposcelididae) |
| title_short | The expansion and loss of specific olfactory genes in relatives of parasitic lice, the stored-product psocids (Psocodea: Liposcelididae) |
| title_sort | expansion and loss of specific olfactory genes in relatives of parasitic lice the stored product psocids psocodea liposcelididae |
| topic | Booklice Stored-product pests Olfactory-related gene Transcriptome analysis Expression level |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-025-11231-7 |
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