GCMS analysis and acaricidal activity of Ailanthus altissima extract against cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus and Hyalomma anatolicum: in vitro and in silico approach
Abstract Ticks, hematophagous ectoparasites, pose significant health risks to wildlife and humans as vectors for various pathogens. This study aims to assess the efficacy of Ailanthus altissima plant extract against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus and Hyalomma anatolicum ticks using both in vitr...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Nature Portfolio
2025-06-01
|
| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-01672-1 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1850136643386736640 |
|---|---|
| author | Shakir Ullah Nosheen Malak Afshan Khan Sadaf Niaz Raquel Cossío Bayúgar Imtiaz Ahmad Nasreen Nasreen Nadia Bibi Mourad Ben Said Adil Khan Denekew Temesgen Most. Nazmin Aktar Abdel-Rhman Z. Gaafar |
| author_facet | Shakir Ullah Nosheen Malak Afshan Khan Sadaf Niaz Raquel Cossío Bayúgar Imtiaz Ahmad Nasreen Nasreen Nadia Bibi Mourad Ben Said Adil Khan Denekew Temesgen Most. Nazmin Aktar Abdel-Rhman Z. Gaafar |
| author_sort | Shakir Ullah |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Ticks, hematophagous ectoparasites, pose significant health risks to wildlife and humans as vectors for various pathogens. This study aims to assess the efficacy of Ailanthus altissima plant extract against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus and Hyalomma anatolicum ticks using both in vitro and in silico approaches. According to gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, 29 bioactive components with varying retention times have been identified in the methanol leaf extract of A. altissima. The plants methanolic extracts were prepared, subsequently diluted to concentrations of 25, 50, 75, and 100 mg/mL. Ticks underwent an adult immersion test (AIT) to evaluate extract effectiveness. AIT results were statistically analyzed via probit regression for lethal concentration (LC50 and LC90) and lethal time (LT50 and LT90) values. Three-dimensional structures of R. (B.) microplus acetylcholinesterase (RmAChE) and H. anatolicum glutathione S-transferase (HaGST) were modeled using homology modeling, validated through Ramachandran plots and ERRAT server. Molecular docking studies explored extract inhibitory mechanisms at the molecular level against RmAChE (4-Quinolinecarboxylic acid: − 6.6 kcal/mol) and HaGST (Gamma Tocopherol: − 6.6 kcal/mol). In vitro findings indicated superior efficacy of the plant extract compared to the positive control permethrin (a commercially available acaricide), a result supported by in silico studies showing several phytochemicals with inhibitory potential against these tick species. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-5ce5a97fd76d4b74b7ff6618cf2763f1 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-5ce5a97fd76d4b74b7ff6618cf2763f12025-08-20T02:31:04ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-06-0115111410.1038/s41598-025-01672-1GCMS analysis and acaricidal activity of Ailanthus altissima extract against cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus and Hyalomma anatolicum: in vitro and in silico approachShakir Ullah0Nosheen Malak1Afshan Khan2Sadaf Niaz3Raquel Cossío Bayúgar4Imtiaz Ahmad5Nasreen Nasreen6Nadia Bibi7Mourad Ben Said8Adil Khan9Denekew Temesgen10Most. Nazmin Aktar11Abdel-Rhman Z. Gaafar12Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University MardanDepartment of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University MardanDepartment of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University MardanDepartment of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University MardanInstituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP)Department of Botany, Bacha Khan University CharsaddaDepartment of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University MardanDepartment of Microbiology, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University (SBBWU)Laboratory of Microbiology, National School of Veterinary Medicine of Sidi Thabet, University of ManoubaDepartment of Zoology, Bacha Khan University CharsaddaDepartment of Biology, Bahir Dar UniversitySchool of Natural Science, Macquarie UniversityDepartment of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud UniversityAbstract Ticks, hematophagous ectoparasites, pose significant health risks to wildlife and humans as vectors for various pathogens. This study aims to assess the efficacy of Ailanthus altissima plant extract against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus and Hyalomma anatolicum ticks using both in vitro and in silico approaches. According to gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, 29 bioactive components with varying retention times have been identified in the methanol leaf extract of A. altissima. The plants methanolic extracts were prepared, subsequently diluted to concentrations of 25, 50, 75, and 100 mg/mL. Ticks underwent an adult immersion test (AIT) to evaluate extract effectiveness. AIT results were statistically analyzed via probit regression for lethal concentration (LC50 and LC90) and lethal time (LT50 and LT90) values. Three-dimensional structures of R. (B.) microplus acetylcholinesterase (RmAChE) and H. anatolicum glutathione S-transferase (HaGST) were modeled using homology modeling, validated through Ramachandran plots and ERRAT server. Molecular docking studies explored extract inhibitory mechanisms at the molecular level against RmAChE (4-Quinolinecarboxylic acid: − 6.6 kcal/mol) and HaGST (Gamma Tocopherol: − 6.6 kcal/mol). In vitro findings indicated superior efficacy of the plant extract compared to the positive control permethrin (a commercially available acaricide), a result supported by in silico studies showing several phytochemicals with inhibitory potential against these tick species.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-01672-1TicksPlant extractAcaricidal activityGlutathione S transferaseAcetylcholine esteraseRhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus |
| spellingShingle | Shakir Ullah Nosheen Malak Afshan Khan Sadaf Niaz Raquel Cossío Bayúgar Imtiaz Ahmad Nasreen Nasreen Nadia Bibi Mourad Ben Said Adil Khan Denekew Temesgen Most. Nazmin Aktar Abdel-Rhman Z. Gaafar GCMS analysis and acaricidal activity of Ailanthus altissima extract against cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus and Hyalomma anatolicum: in vitro and in silico approach Scientific Reports Ticks Plant extract Acaricidal activity Glutathione S transferase Acetylcholine esterase Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus |
| title | GCMS analysis and acaricidal activity of Ailanthus altissima extract against cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus and Hyalomma anatolicum: in vitro and in silico approach |
| title_full | GCMS analysis and acaricidal activity of Ailanthus altissima extract against cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus and Hyalomma anatolicum: in vitro and in silico approach |
| title_fullStr | GCMS analysis and acaricidal activity of Ailanthus altissima extract against cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus and Hyalomma anatolicum: in vitro and in silico approach |
| title_full_unstemmed | GCMS analysis and acaricidal activity of Ailanthus altissima extract against cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus and Hyalomma anatolicum: in vitro and in silico approach |
| title_short | GCMS analysis and acaricidal activity of Ailanthus altissima extract against cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus and Hyalomma anatolicum: in vitro and in silico approach |
| title_sort | gcms analysis and acaricidal activity of ailanthus altissima extract against cattle tick rhipicephalus boophilus microplus and hyalomma anatolicum in vitro and in silico approach |
| topic | Ticks Plant extract Acaricidal activity Glutathione S transferase Acetylcholine esterase Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-01672-1 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT shakirullah gcmsanalysisandacaricidalactivityofailanthusaltissimaextractagainstcattletickrhipicephalusboophilusmicroplusandhyalommaanatolicuminvitroandinsilicoapproach AT nosheenmalak gcmsanalysisandacaricidalactivityofailanthusaltissimaextractagainstcattletickrhipicephalusboophilusmicroplusandhyalommaanatolicuminvitroandinsilicoapproach AT afshankhan gcmsanalysisandacaricidalactivityofailanthusaltissimaextractagainstcattletickrhipicephalusboophilusmicroplusandhyalommaanatolicuminvitroandinsilicoapproach AT sadafniaz gcmsanalysisandacaricidalactivityofailanthusaltissimaextractagainstcattletickrhipicephalusboophilusmicroplusandhyalommaanatolicuminvitroandinsilicoapproach AT raquelcossiobayugar gcmsanalysisandacaricidalactivityofailanthusaltissimaextractagainstcattletickrhipicephalusboophilusmicroplusandhyalommaanatolicuminvitroandinsilicoapproach AT imtiazahmad gcmsanalysisandacaricidalactivityofailanthusaltissimaextractagainstcattletickrhipicephalusboophilusmicroplusandhyalommaanatolicuminvitroandinsilicoapproach AT nasreennasreen gcmsanalysisandacaricidalactivityofailanthusaltissimaextractagainstcattletickrhipicephalusboophilusmicroplusandhyalommaanatolicuminvitroandinsilicoapproach AT nadiabibi gcmsanalysisandacaricidalactivityofailanthusaltissimaextractagainstcattletickrhipicephalusboophilusmicroplusandhyalommaanatolicuminvitroandinsilicoapproach AT mouradbensaid gcmsanalysisandacaricidalactivityofailanthusaltissimaextractagainstcattletickrhipicephalusboophilusmicroplusandhyalommaanatolicuminvitroandinsilicoapproach AT adilkhan gcmsanalysisandacaricidalactivityofailanthusaltissimaextractagainstcattletickrhipicephalusboophilusmicroplusandhyalommaanatolicuminvitroandinsilicoapproach AT denekewtemesgen gcmsanalysisandacaricidalactivityofailanthusaltissimaextractagainstcattletickrhipicephalusboophilusmicroplusandhyalommaanatolicuminvitroandinsilicoapproach AT mostnazminaktar gcmsanalysisandacaricidalactivityofailanthusaltissimaextractagainstcattletickrhipicephalusboophilusmicroplusandhyalommaanatolicuminvitroandinsilicoapproach AT abdelrhmanzgaafar gcmsanalysisandacaricidalactivityofailanthusaltissimaextractagainstcattletickrhipicephalusboophilusmicroplusandhyalommaanatolicuminvitroandinsilicoapproach |