Missionaries and modernization in China: navigating cultural conflict and historical legacy
Abstract After China was forced to open up to the West by the First Opium War (1839–42), a wave of Western Christian missionaries descended on the country, not only seeking to convert but also introducing Western science, medicine, and education. Although they made significant contributions to the c...
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| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Springer Nature
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Humanities & Social Sciences Communications |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-025-05554-9 |
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