Type 2 diabetes: Primary prevention, screening and health care approach for diagnosis in South Africa
We have reviewed large studies that demonstrate different methods that have been adopted to prevent or delay the progression to Type 2 diabetes in high-risk individuals. The principal interventions include behavioural modifications in diet and physical activity, use of insulin sensitisers such as me...
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| Language: | English |
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AOSIS
2008-08-01
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| Series: | South African Family Practice |
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| Online Access: | https://safpj.co.za/index.php/safpj/article/view/1206 |
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| author | Pankaj Joshi Shaifali Joshi |
| author_facet | Pankaj Joshi Shaifali Joshi |
| author_sort | Pankaj Joshi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We have reviewed large studies that demonstrate different methods that have been adopted to prevent or delay the progression to Type 2 diabetes in high-risk individuals. The principal interventions include behavioural modifications in diet and physical activity, use of insulin sensitisers such as metformin and glitazones, and alpha-glucosidase inhibitors. Although there is no evidence of benefit in health outcomes from large-scale population screening for impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) or impaired fasting glucose (IFG), screening of high-risk individuals has merit. During prolonged periods of dysglycaemia that precede diabetes, individuals remain largely asymptomatic. These periods can be from 8–10 years as extrapolated from the United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study data. This phase of pre-diabetes is not innocuous, and is often associated with the concurrent development of complications, which highlights the importance of early detection and treatment of this ‘silent killer’. Although different methods for screening of diabetes are available, preferred techniques include measurement of fasting plasma glucose and 2 hr post-load plasma glucose. People should be encouraged to eat correct diets, be active, and maintain a healthy weight—these behaviours have other benefits in addition to preventing or delaying the onset of Type 2 diabetes. There are various diagnostic criteria used for the diagnosis of diabetes. In this article we have presented two sets of criteria, one from the World Health Organization (WHO) and the other from the American Diabetes Association (ADA). |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-5c97bdea7e5e42b889e1e94149f3250b |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2078-6190 2078-6204 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2008-08-01 |
| publisher | AOSIS |
| record_format | Article |
| series | South African Family Practice |
| spelling | doaj-art-5c97bdea7e5e42b889e1e94149f3250b2025-08-20T04:03:17ZengAOSISSouth African Family Practice2078-61902078-62042008-08-01504142010.1080/20786204.2008.10873733959Type 2 diabetes: Primary prevention, screening and health care approach for diagnosis in South AfricaPankaj Joshi0Shaifali Joshi1Louis Pasteur Medical CentreLouis Pasteur Medical CentreWe have reviewed large studies that demonstrate different methods that have been adopted to prevent or delay the progression to Type 2 diabetes in high-risk individuals. The principal interventions include behavioural modifications in diet and physical activity, use of insulin sensitisers such as metformin and glitazones, and alpha-glucosidase inhibitors. Although there is no evidence of benefit in health outcomes from large-scale population screening for impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) or impaired fasting glucose (IFG), screening of high-risk individuals has merit. During prolonged periods of dysglycaemia that precede diabetes, individuals remain largely asymptomatic. These periods can be from 8–10 years as extrapolated from the United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study data. This phase of pre-diabetes is not innocuous, and is often associated with the concurrent development of complications, which highlights the importance of early detection and treatment of this ‘silent killer’. Although different methods for screening of diabetes are available, preferred techniques include measurement of fasting plasma glucose and 2 hr post-load plasma glucose. People should be encouraged to eat correct diets, be active, and maintain a healthy weight—these behaviours have other benefits in addition to preventing or delaying the onset of Type 2 diabetes. There are various diagnostic criteria used for the diagnosis of diabetes. In this article we have presented two sets of criteria, one from the World Health Organization (WHO) and the other from the American Diabetes Association (ADA).https://safpj.co.za/index.php/safpj/article/view/1206diabetes preventiondiabetes screeningdiabetes diagnosis |
| spellingShingle | Pankaj Joshi Shaifali Joshi Type 2 diabetes: Primary prevention, screening and health care approach for diagnosis in South Africa South African Family Practice diabetes prevention diabetes screening diabetes diagnosis |
| title | Type 2 diabetes: Primary prevention, screening and health care approach for diagnosis in South Africa |
| title_full | Type 2 diabetes: Primary prevention, screening and health care approach for diagnosis in South Africa |
| title_fullStr | Type 2 diabetes: Primary prevention, screening and health care approach for diagnosis in South Africa |
| title_full_unstemmed | Type 2 diabetes: Primary prevention, screening and health care approach for diagnosis in South Africa |
| title_short | Type 2 diabetes: Primary prevention, screening and health care approach for diagnosis in South Africa |
| title_sort | type 2 diabetes primary prevention screening and health care approach for diagnosis in south africa |
| topic | diabetes prevention diabetes screening diabetes diagnosis |
| url | https://safpj.co.za/index.php/safpj/article/view/1206 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT pankajjoshi type2diabetesprimarypreventionscreeningandhealthcareapproachfordiagnosisinsouthafrica AT shaifalijoshi type2diabetesprimarypreventionscreeningandhealthcareapproachfordiagnosisinsouthafrica |