Formation Patterns of Major Flavor Substances Based on the Analysis of Spatiotemporal Heterogeneity in the Traditional Solid-State Fermentation System of Shanxi Aged Vinegar
In this study, the solid-state fermentation process of Shanxi aged vinegar was investigated. Samples of fermented grains (Cupei) taken at different spatial locations and at different fermentation times were analyzed for physicochemical characteristics, flavor substances and microbial community compo...
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China Food Publishing Company
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Shipin Kexue |
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| Online Access: | https://www.spkx.net.cn/fileup/1002-6630/PDF/2025-46-2-019.pdf |
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| author | SHEN Jin, ZHOU Jingli, LANG Fanfan, YAN Yufeng, WANG Li, XIA Yaoyao, LI Jie, ZHANG Feng, WANG Chenyuan, ZHENG Yu |
| author_facet | SHEN Jin, ZHOU Jingli, LANG Fanfan, YAN Yufeng, WANG Li, XIA Yaoyao, LI Jie, ZHANG Feng, WANG Chenyuan, ZHENG Yu |
| author_sort | SHEN Jin, ZHOU Jingli, LANG Fanfan, YAN Yufeng, WANG Li, XIA Yaoyao, LI Jie, ZHANG Feng, WANG Chenyuan, ZHENG Yu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this study, the solid-state fermentation process of Shanxi aged vinegar was investigated. Samples of fermented grains (Cupei) taken at different spatial locations and at different fermentation times were analyzed for physicochemical characteristics, flavor substances and microbial community composition by metagenomics and headspace-solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS). The results showed that the moisture and temperature of Cupei significantly varied among spatial locations. A total of 93 volatile flavor compounds were detected during the fermentation process, and the total content of volatile compounds decreased in the order of upper layer > middle layer > lower layer. The total acid contents in the upper, middle, and lower layers were significantly negatively correlated with Proteus, Salicicolus, Staphylococcus, and Klebsiella (P < 0.05), affecting microbial growth and metabolism. The water content of the lower layer significantly affected the growth and metabolism of Proteus, Salicicolus, Saccharomyces, Staphylococcus, and Klebsiella (P < 0.05). Proteus, Saccharomyces, Staphylococcus, and Klebsiella were closely related to physicochemical indicators during the fermentation process. The growth and metabolism of Proteus, Salicicolus, Saccharomyces, Staphylococcus, and Klebsiella in the upper layer of Cupei promoted the production of esters such as ethyl linoleate and ethyl oleate, while the fermentation conditions in the middle and lower layers inhibited the production of some esters. This study helps us to comprehensively understand the brewing mechanism of Shanxi aged vinegar. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-5bf0fa0f0d62441ea1abdfa9f37df662 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1002-6630 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | China Food Publishing Company |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Shipin Kexue |
| spelling | doaj-art-5bf0fa0f0d62441ea1abdfa9f37df6622025-02-05T09:08:22ZengChina Food Publishing CompanyShipin Kexue1002-66302025-01-0146216417010.7506/spkx1002-6630-20240606-029Formation Patterns of Major Flavor Substances Based on the Analysis of Spatiotemporal Heterogeneity in the Traditional Solid-State Fermentation System of Shanxi Aged VinegarSHEN Jin, ZHOU Jingli, LANG Fanfan, YAN Yufeng, WANG Li, XIA Yaoyao, LI Jie, ZHANG Feng, WANG Chenyuan, ZHENG Yu0(1. Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Vinegar Fermentation Science and Engineering, Taiyuan 030400, China; 2. Shanxi Zilin Vinegar Industry Co. Ltd., Taiyuan 030040, China; 3. Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Microbial Metabolism and Fermentation Process Control, Tianjin 300457, China; 4. School of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China)In this study, the solid-state fermentation process of Shanxi aged vinegar was investigated. Samples of fermented grains (Cupei) taken at different spatial locations and at different fermentation times were analyzed for physicochemical characteristics, flavor substances and microbial community composition by metagenomics and headspace-solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS). The results showed that the moisture and temperature of Cupei significantly varied among spatial locations. A total of 93 volatile flavor compounds were detected during the fermentation process, and the total content of volatile compounds decreased in the order of upper layer > middle layer > lower layer. The total acid contents in the upper, middle, and lower layers were significantly negatively correlated with Proteus, Salicicolus, Staphylococcus, and Klebsiella (P < 0.05), affecting microbial growth and metabolism. The water content of the lower layer significantly affected the growth and metabolism of Proteus, Salicicolus, Saccharomyces, Staphylococcus, and Klebsiella (P < 0.05). Proteus, Saccharomyces, Staphylococcus, and Klebsiella were closely related to physicochemical indicators during the fermentation process. The growth and metabolism of Proteus, Salicicolus, Saccharomyces, Staphylococcus, and Klebsiella in the upper layer of Cupei promoted the production of esters such as ethyl linoleate and ethyl oleate, while the fermentation conditions in the middle and lower layers inhibited the production of some esters. This study helps us to comprehensively understand the brewing mechanism of Shanxi aged vinegar.https://www.spkx.net.cn/fileup/1002-6630/PDF/2025-46-2-019.pdfcupei; metagenomics; microorganism; physicochemical factors; volatile flavor; correlation analysis |
| spellingShingle | SHEN Jin, ZHOU Jingli, LANG Fanfan, YAN Yufeng, WANG Li, XIA Yaoyao, LI Jie, ZHANG Feng, WANG Chenyuan, ZHENG Yu Formation Patterns of Major Flavor Substances Based on the Analysis of Spatiotemporal Heterogeneity in the Traditional Solid-State Fermentation System of Shanxi Aged Vinegar Shipin Kexue cupei; metagenomics; microorganism; physicochemical factors; volatile flavor; correlation analysis |
| title | Formation Patterns of Major Flavor Substances Based on the Analysis of Spatiotemporal Heterogeneity in the Traditional Solid-State Fermentation System of Shanxi Aged Vinegar |
| title_full | Formation Patterns of Major Flavor Substances Based on the Analysis of Spatiotemporal Heterogeneity in the Traditional Solid-State Fermentation System of Shanxi Aged Vinegar |
| title_fullStr | Formation Patterns of Major Flavor Substances Based on the Analysis of Spatiotemporal Heterogeneity in the Traditional Solid-State Fermentation System of Shanxi Aged Vinegar |
| title_full_unstemmed | Formation Patterns of Major Flavor Substances Based on the Analysis of Spatiotemporal Heterogeneity in the Traditional Solid-State Fermentation System of Shanxi Aged Vinegar |
| title_short | Formation Patterns of Major Flavor Substances Based on the Analysis of Spatiotemporal Heterogeneity in the Traditional Solid-State Fermentation System of Shanxi Aged Vinegar |
| title_sort | formation patterns of major flavor substances based on the analysis of spatiotemporal heterogeneity in the traditional solid state fermentation system of shanxi aged vinegar |
| topic | cupei; metagenomics; microorganism; physicochemical factors; volatile flavor; correlation analysis |
| url | https://www.spkx.net.cn/fileup/1002-6630/PDF/2025-46-2-019.pdf |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT shenjinzhoujinglilangfanfanyanyufengwanglixiayaoyaolijiezhangfengwangchenyuanzhengyu formationpatternsofmajorflavorsubstancesbasedontheanalysisofspatiotemporalheterogeneityinthetraditionalsolidstatefermentationsystemofshanxiagedvinegar |