Stellar Mass Calibrations for Local Low-mass Galaxies

The stellar masses of galaxies are measured from integrated light via several methods—however, few of these methods were designed for low-mass ( M _⋆ ≲ 10 ^8 M _⊙ ) “dwarf” galaxies, whose properties (e.g., stochastic star formation, low metallicity) pose unique challenges for estimating stellar mas...

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Main Authors: Mithi A. C. de los Reyes, Yasmeen Asali, Risa H. Wechsler, Marla Geha, Yao-Yuan Mao, Erin Kado-Fong, Ragadeepika Pucha, William Grant, Pratik J. Gandhi, Viraj Manwadkar, Anna Engelhardt, Ferah Munshi, Yunchong Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IOP Publishing 2025-01-01
Series:The Astrophysical Journal
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ade4c5
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author Mithi A. C. de los Reyes
Yasmeen Asali
Risa H. Wechsler
Marla Geha
Yao-Yuan Mao
Erin Kado-Fong
Ragadeepika Pucha
William Grant
Pratik J. Gandhi
Viraj Manwadkar
Anna Engelhardt
Ferah Munshi
Yunchong Wang
author_facet Mithi A. C. de los Reyes
Yasmeen Asali
Risa H. Wechsler
Marla Geha
Yao-Yuan Mao
Erin Kado-Fong
Ragadeepika Pucha
William Grant
Pratik J. Gandhi
Viraj Manwadkar
Anna Engelhardt
Ferah Munshi
Yunchong Wang
author_sort Mithi A. C. de los Reyes
collection DOAJ
description The stellar masses of galaxies are measured from integrated light via several methods—however, few of these methods were designed for low-mass ( M _⋆ ≲ 10 ^8 M _⊙ ) “dwarf” galaxies, whose properties (e.g., stochastic star formation, low metallicity) pose unique challenges for estimating stellar masses. In this work, we quantify the precision and accuracy at which stellar masses of low-mass galaxies can be recovered using UV/optical/IR photometry. We use mock observations of 469 low-mass galaxies from a variety of models, including both semi-empirical models (GRUMPY and UniverseMachine-SAGA) and cosmological baryonic zoom-in simulations (MARVELous Dwarfs and FIRE-2), to test literature color– M _⋆ / L relations and multiwavelength spectral energy distribution (SED) mass estimators. We identify a list of “best practices” for measuring stellar masses of low-mass galaxies from integrated photometry. We find that literature color– M _⋆ / L relations are often unable to capture the bursty star formation histories (SFHs) of low-mass galaxies, and we develop an updated prescription for stellar mass based on g − r color that is better able to recover stellar masses for the bursty low-mass galaxies in our sample (with ∼0.1 dex precision). SED fitting can also precisely recover stellar masses of low-mass galaxies, but this requires thoughtful choices about the form of the assumed SFH: Parametric SFHs can underestimate stellar mass by as much as ∼0.4 dex, while nonparametric SFHs recover true stellar masses with insignificant offset (−0.03 ± 0.11 dex). Finally, we also caution that noninformative (wide) dust attenuation priors may introduce M _⋆ uncertainties of up to ∼0.6 dex.
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spelling doaj-art-5bee7900a58f4601afc58fbf78f714ee2025-08-20T03:59:25ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal1538-43572025-01-0198919110.3847/1538-4357/ade4c5Stellar Mass Calibrations for Local Low-mass GalaxiesMithi A. C. de los Reyes0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4739-046XYasmeen Asali1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8320-2198Risa H. Wechsler2https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2229-011XMarla Geha3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7007-9725Yao-Yuan Mao4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1200-0820Erin Kado-Fong5https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0332-177XRagadeepika Pucha6https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4940-3009William Grant7Pratik J. Gandhi8https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0965-605XViraj Manwadkar9Anna Engelhardt10Ferah Munshi11Yunchong Wang12https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8913-626XDepartment of Physics & Astronomy, Amherst College , 6 East Drive, Amherst, MA 01002, USA ; mdelosreyes@amherst.eduDepartment of Astronomy, Yale University , New Haven, CT 06520, USAKavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics & Cosmology, Stanford University , 452 Lomita Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Physics, Stanford University , 382 Via Pueblo Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USADepartment of Astronomy, Yale University , New Haven, CT 06520, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USADepartment of Astronomy, Yale University , New Haven, CT 06520, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USADepartment of Physics & Astronomy, Amherst College , 6 East Drive, Amherst, MA 01002, USA ; mdelosreyes@amherst.eduDepartment of Astronomy, Yale University , New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California—Davis , One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USAKavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics & Cosmology, Stanford University , 452 Lomita Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Physics, Stanford University , 382 Via Pueblo Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USADepartment of Physics, George Mason University , 4400 University Dr, Fairfax, VA 22030, USADepartment of Physics, George Mason University , 4400 University Dr, Fairfax, VA 22030, USAKavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics & Cosmology, Stanford University , 452 Lomita Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Physics, Stanford University , 382 Via Pueblo Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USAThe stellar masses of galaxies are measured from integrated light via several methods—however, few of these methods were designed for low-mass ( M _⋆ ≲ 10 ^8 M _⊙ ) “dwarf” galaxies, whose properties (e.g., stochastic star formation, low metallicity) pose unique challenges for estimating stellar masses. In this work, we quantify the precision and accuracy at which stellar masses of low-mass galaxies can be recovered using UV/optical/IR photometry. We use mock observations of 469 low-mass galaxies from a variety of models, including both semi-empirical models (GRUMPY and UniverseMachine-SAGA) and cosmological baryonic zoom-in simulations (MARVELous Dwarfs and FIRE-2), to test literature color– M _⋆ / L relations and multiwavelength spectral energy distribution (SED) mass estimators. We identify a list of “best practices” for measuring stellar masses of low-mass galaxies from integrated photometry. We find that literature color– M _⋆ / L relations are often unable to capture the bursty star formation histories (SFHs) of low-mass galaxies, and we develop an updated prescription for stellar mass based on g − r color that is better able to recover stellar masses for the bursty low-mass galaxies in our sample (with ∼0.1 dex precision). SED fitting can also precisely recover stellar masses of low-mass galaxies, but this requires thoughtful choices about the form of the assumed SFH: Parametric SFHs can underestimate stellar mass by as much as ∼0.4 dex, while nonparametric SFHs recover true stellar masses with insignificant offset (−0.03 ± 0.11 dex). Finally, we also caution that noninformative (wide) dust attenuation priors may introduce M _⋆ uncertainties of up to ∼0.6 dex.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ade4c5Dwarf galaxiesGalaxiesGalaxy photometryGalaxy masses
spellingShingle Mithi A. C. de los Reyes
Yasmeen Asali
Risa H. Wechsler
Marla Geha
Yao-Yuan Mao
Erin Kado-Fong
Ragadeepika Pucha
William Grant
Pratik J. Gandhi
Viraj Manwadkar
Anna Engelhardt
Ferah Munshi
Yunchong Wang
Stellar Mass Calibrations for Local Low-mass Galaxies
The Astrophysical Journal
Dwarf galaxies
Galaxies
Galaxy photometry
Galaxy masses
title Stellar Mass Calibrations for Local Low-mass Galaxies
title_full Stellar Mass Calibrations for Local Low-mass Galaxies
title_fullStr Stellar Mass Calibrations for Local Low-mass Galaxies
title_full_unstemmed Stellar Mass Calibrations for Local Low-mass Galaxies
title_short Stellar Mass Calibrations for Local Low-mass Galaxies
title_sort stellar mass calibrations for local low mass galaxies
topic Dwarf galaxies
Galaxies
Galaxy photometry
Galaxy masses
url https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ade4c5
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