A CFA-Induced Model of Inflammatory Skin Disease in Miniature Swine
Similarities between porcine and human skin make the pig an ideal model for preclinical studies of cutaneous inflammation and wound healing. Complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) has been used to induce inflammation and to study inflammatory pain in several animal models. Here, we evaluated the inflammat...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2018-01-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Inflammation |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6916920 |
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| author | Nalú Navarro-Alvarez Beatriz M. M. Gonçalves Alec R. Andrews David H. Sachs Christene A. Huang |
| author_facet | Nalú Navarro-Alvarez Beatriz M. M. Gonçalves Alec R. Andrews David H. Sachs Christene A. Huang |
| author_sort | Nalú Navarro-Alvarez |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Similarities between porcine and human skin make the pig an ideal model for preclinical studies of cutaneous inflammation and wound healing. Complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) has been used to induce inflammation and to study inflammatory pain in several animal models. Here, we evaluated the inflammation caused by CFA injected in different layers of skin and subcutaneous (SC) tissue in a large-animal model. The degree of inflammation was evaluated at early and late time points by visual inspection and histopathologic analysis. In addition, the side effects of CFA injections were evaluated based on clinical findings, behavioral changes, physiologic state, and (histo)pathologic lesions. Pigs were injected with CFA at the back of the neck’s skin at different depths. All animals showed histologic signs of inflammation at the injection site. Animals injected SC did not show any signs of pain or distress (loss of appetite, abnormal behavior) and did not require pain medication. Inflammation was followed by measuring the area of induration beneath the skin. Animals injected into the dermis and/or epidermis demonstrated a severe inflammatory response on the skin surface with massive swelling, redness within 12hrs of CFA injection, and severe skin necrosis within a week, preventing accurate induration measurements. In contrast to animals injected SC, animals receiving intradermal and/or intraepidermal injection of CFA showed signs of distress requiring pain medication. Conclusion. SC injection of CFA in swine induces an inflammatory response that can be measured accurately by induration without causing unnecessary discomfort, providing a useful preclinical large-animal model of inflammatory skin disease. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-5b2687f983c046c6a7959a75720ab497 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2090-8040 2042-0099 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2018-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Inflammation |
| spelling | doaj-art-5b2687f983c046c6a7959a75720ab4972025-02-03T07:26:11ZengWileyInternational Journal of Inflammation2090-80402042-00992018-01-01201810.1155/2018/69169206916920A CFA-Induced Model of Inflammatory Skin Disease in Miniature SwineNalú Navarro-Alvarez0Beatriz M. M. Gonçalves1Alec R. Andrews2David H. Sachs3Christene A. Huang4Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USACenter for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USACenter for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USACenter for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USACenter for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USASimilarities between porcine and human skin make the pig an ideal model for preclinical studies of cutaneous inflammation and wound healing. Complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) has been used to induce inflammation and to study inflammatory pain in several animal models. Here, we evaluated the inflammation caused by CFA injected in different layers of skin and subcutaneous (SC) tissue in a large-animal model. The degree of inflammation was evaluated at early and late time points by visual inspection and histopathologic analysis. In addition, the side effects of CFA injections were evaluated based on clinical findings, behavioral changes, physiologic state, and (histo)pathologic lesions. Pigs were injected with CFA at the back of the neck’s skin at different depths. All animals showed histologic signs of inflammation at the injection site. Animals injected SC did not show any signs of pain or distress (loss of appetite, abnormal behavior) and did not require pain medication. Inflammation was followed by measuring the area of induration beneath the skin. Animals injected into the dermis and/or epidermis demonstrated a severe inflammatory response on the skin surface with massive swelling, redness within 12hrs of CFA injection, and severe skin necrosis within a week, preventing accurate induration measurements. In contrast to animals injected SC, animals receiving intradermal and/or intraepidermal injection of CFA showed signs of distress requiring pain medication. Conclusion. SC injection of CFA in swine induces an inflammatory response that can be measured accurately by induration without causing unnecessary discomfort, providing a useful preclinical large-animal model of inflammatory skin disease.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6916920 |
| spellingShingle | Nalú Navarro-Alvarez Beatriz M. M. Gonçalves Alec R. Andrews David H. Sachs Christene A. Huang A CFA-Induced Model of Inflammatory Skin Disease in Miniature Swine International Journal of Inflammation |
| title | A CFA-Induced Model of Inflammatory Skin Disease in Miniature Swine |
| title_full | A CFA-Induced Model of Inflammatory Skin Disease in Miniature Swine |
| title_fullStr | A CFA-Induced Model of Inflammatory Skin Disease in Miniature Swine |
| title_full_unstemmed | A CFA-Induced Model of Inflammatory Skin Disease in Miniature Swine |
| title_short | A CFA-Induced Model of Inflammatory Skin Disease in Miniature Swine |
| title_sort | cfa induced model of inflammatory skin disease in miniature swine |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6916920 |
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