Spectrophotometric methods for determination of naringin, amlodipine, and nifedipine using chemometric techniques

Background: Chemometrics articulates statistical and mathematical aspects to analyse the effectiveness of chemical data, playing a pivotal role in spectroscopy. Among all the chemometrics techniques, this study utilizes the Orthogonal partial least squares (OPLS) model for the simultaneous analysis...

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Main Authors: Vishala Rani Baraily, Jithendar Reddy Mandhadi, Bhupendra Shrestha
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Creative Pharma Assent 2025-06-01
Series:Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research
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Online Access:https://japtronline.com/index.php/joapr/article/view/1107
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author Vishala Rani Baraily
Jithendar Reddy Mandhadi
Bhupendra Shrestha
author_facet Vishala Rani Baraily
Jithendar Reddy Mandhadi
Bhupendra Shrestha
author_sort Vishala Rani Baraily
collection DOAJ
description Background: Chemometrics articulates statistical and mathematical aspects to analyse the effectiveness of chemical data, playing a pivotal role in spectroscopy. Among all the chemometrics techniques, this study utilizes the Orthogonal partial least squares (OPLS) model for the simultaneous analysis of naringin, amlodipine, and nifedipine, a well-established calcium channel blocker. Naringin, a citrus flavonoid exhibiting notable pharmacological activities. Methodology: This research employs UV-visible spectrophotometry in conjunction with the OPLS method for both calibration and prediction sets in simultaneous studies of Amlodipine–Naringin and Nifedipine–Naringin, aiming to develop a precise model for measuring drug concentrations. A linear dynamic range of 5-20 µg/mL was achieved for standard solutions, while calibration sets were developed using factorial designs. Result and Discussion: The OPLS model had significant predictive performance with R2 values within the range of 0.9947-0.9976 for calibration and 0.9947-0.9985 for prediction, and low root mean square error of cross validation (RMSECV) values of 0.6191- 0.4353 for NIF-NAR, and 0.3978- 0.4418 for AML-NAR, indicating robust model performance. The model validation process, using Hotelling’s T2 test, DModx, established no significant outliers, and permutation analysis validated the model’s reliable fit. The recovery studies showed values close to 100%, thus verifying the effectiveness of the methodology. Conclusion: The research demonstrated OPLS (Orthogonal Partial Least Squares) as a powerful solution for resolving overlapping spectral data, providing high-precision drug analysis with minimal interference. The development of chemometrics methods demonstrated efficiency and precision in pharmaceutical analysis while also offering cost-effectiveness for quality control and formulation development.
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spelling doaj-art-5a7c84ac43f94e73880c4c155c763dae2025-08-20T04:00:44ZengCreative Pharma AssentJournal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research2348-03352025-06-0113315416310.69857/joapr.v13i3.11071108Spectrophotometric methods for determination of naringin, amlodipine, and nifedipine using chemometric techniquesVishala Rani Baraily0Jithendar Reddy Mandhadi1Bhupendra Shrestha2Assam down town University, Panikhaiti, Guwahati, Assam, 781026, IndiaAssam down town University, Panikhaiti, Guwahati, Assam, 781026, IndiaHimalayan Pharmacy Institute, Majhitar, East Sikkim 737136, India Background: Chemometrics articulates statistical and mathematical aspects to analyse the effectiveness of chemical data, playing a pivotal role in spectroscopy. Among all the chemometrics techniques, this study utilizes the Orthogonal partial least squares (OPLS) model for the simultaneous analysis of naringin, amlodipine, and nifedipine, a well-established calcium channel blocker. Naringin, a citrus flavonoid exhibiting notable pharmacological activities. Methodology: This research employs UV-visible spectrophotometry in conjunction with the OPLS method for both calibration and prediction sets in simultaneous studies of Amlodipine–Naringin and Nifedipine–Naringin, aiming to develop a precise model for measuring drug concentrations. A linear dynamic range of 5-20 µg/mL was achieved for standard solutions, while calibration sets were developed using factorial designs. Result and Discussion: The OPLS model had significant predictive performance with R2 values within the range of 0.9947-0.9976 for calibration and 0.9947-0.9985 for prediction, and low root mean square error of cross validation (RMSECV) values of 0.6191- 0.4353 for NIF-NAR, and 0.3978- 0.4418 for AML-NAR, indicating robust model performance. The model validation process, using Hotelling’s T2 test, DModx, established no significant outliers, and permutation analysis validated the model’s reliable fit. The recovery studies showed values close to 100%, thus verifying the effectiveness of the methodology. Conclusion: The research demonstrated OPLS (Orthogonal Partial Least Squares) as a powerful solution for resolving overlapping spectral data, providing high-precision drug analysis with minimal interference. The development of chemometrics methods demonstrated efficiency and precision in pharmaceutical analysis while also offering cost-effectiveness for quality control and formulation development.https://japtronline.com/index.php/joapr/article/view/1107chemometricsnaringinnifedipineamlodipineuv-spectroscopyorthogonal partial least squares (opls)
spellingShingle Vishala Rani Baraily
Jithendar Reddy Mandhadi
Bhupendra Shrestha
Spectrophotometric methods for determination of naringin, amlodipine, and nifedipine using chemometric techniques
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research
chemometrics
naringin
nifedipine
amlodipine
uv-spectroscopy
orthogonal partial least squares (opls)
title Spectrophotometric methods for determination of naringin, amlodipine, and nifedipine using chemometric techniques
title_full Spectrophotometric methods for determination of naringin, amlodipine, and nifedipine using chemometric techniques
title_fullStr Spectrophotometric methods for determination of naringin, amlodipine, and nifedipine using chemometric techniques
title_full_unstemmed Spectrophotometric methods for determination of naringin, amlodipine, and nifedipine using chemometric techniques
title_short Spectrophotometric methods for determination of naringin, amlodipine, and nifedipine using chemometric techniques
title_sort spectrophotometric methods for determination of naringin amlodipine and nifedipine using chemometric techniques
topic chemometrics
naringin
nifedipine
amlodipine
uv-spectroscopy
orthogonal partial least squares (opls)
url https://japtronline.com/index.php/joapr/article/view/1107
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AT jithendarreddymandhadi spectrophotometricmethodsfordeterminationofnaringinamlodipineandnifedipineusingchemometrictechniques
AT bhupendrashrestha spectrophotometricmethodsfordeterminationofnaringinamlodipineandnifedipineusingchemometrictechniques