Different immunological characteristics of asymptomatic and symptomatic COVID-19 patients without vaccination in the acute and convalescence stages
The immune status of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients in different stages of infection remains difficult to determine. In this study, we performed high-throughput single-cell mass cytometry on peripheral blood samples from 10 COVID-19 patients and four healthy donors to analyze their imm...
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PeerJ Inc.
2025-01-01
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| author | Li Li Xin Zhang Huimin Yan Muwei Dai Huixia Gao Yuling Wang Ping Jiang Erhei Dai |
| author_facet | Li Li Xin Zhang Huimin Yan Muwei Dai Huixia Gao Yuling Wang Ping Jiang Erhei Dai |
| author_sort | Li Li |
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| description | The immune status of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients in different stages of infection remains difficult to determine. In this study, we performed high-throughput single-cell mass cytometry on peripheral blood samples from 10 COVID-19 patients and four healthy donors to analyze their immune status at acute and convalescence phases. During the acute stage, the proportion of neutrophils increased significantly while natural killer (NK) cells decreased. In contrast, during the convalescence phase, the proportion of plasma cells decreased from the acute stage of disease onset and was lower than normal. The proportions of B, mast and plasma cell subsets decreased significantly with the process of disease recovery. Further analysis of the subsets of major immune cell types in COVID-19 patients with different clinical presentations in different stages showed that in the acute stages of disease progression, the T helper cell 1 (Th1), IgD+ B and neutrophil subsets increased in COVID-19 patients, especially in symptomatic patients, while the central memory CD4+T cells (CD4 TCM), mucosa-associated invariant T (MAIT) and NK cell subsets decreased significantly, especially in symptomatic patients. Then CD4 TCM and MAIT returned to normal levels at the recovery phase. Dynamic assessment displayed that the immune imbalance at the onset of COVID-19 could be corrected during recovery. Our study provides additional information on the immune status of COVID-19 patients with different clinical manifestations in different stages. These findings may provide new insights into COVID-19 immunotherapy and immune intervention. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | PeerJ Inc. |
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| spelling | doaj-art-5a62189aa4b5440f8ebf497b7a8156e82025-01-31T15:05:23ZengPeerJ Inc.PeerJ2167-83592025-01-0113e1845110.7717/peerj.18451Different immunological characteristics of asymptomatic and symptomatic COVID-19 patients without vaccination in the acute and convalescence stagesLi Li0Xin Zhang1Huimin Yan2Muwei Dai3Huixia Gao4Yuling Wang5Ping Jiang6Erhei Dai7Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, ChinaDepartment of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, ChinaHebei Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism of Major Infectious Diseases and New Technology of Diagnosis and Treatment, The Fifth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, ChinaDepartment of Orthopedics, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University and Hebei Cancer Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, ChinaHebei Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism of Major Infectious Diseases and New Technology of Diagnosis and Treatment, The Fifth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, ChinaDepartment of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, ChinaDepartment of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Third Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, ChinaDepartment of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, ChinaThe immune status of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients in different stages of infection remains difficult to determine. In this study, we performed high-throughput single-cell mass cytometry on peripheral blood samples from 10 COVID-19 patients and four healthy donors to analyze their immune status at acute and convalescence phases. During the acute stage, the proportion of neutrophils increased significantly while natural killer (NK) cells decreased. In contrast, during the convalescence phase, the proportion of plasma cells decreased from the acute stage of disease onset and was lower than normal. The proportions of B, mast and plasma cell subsets decreased significantly with the process of disease recovery. Further analysis of the subsets of major immune cell types in COVID-19 patients with different clinical presentations in different stages showed that in the acute stages of disease progression, the T helper cell 1 (Th1), IgD+ B and neutrophil subsets increased in COVID-19 patients, especially in symptomatic patients, while the central memory CD4+T cells (CD4 TCM), mucosa-associated invariant T (MAIT) and NK cell subsets decreased significantly, especially in symptomatic patients. Then CD4 TCM and MAIT returned to normal levels at the recovery phase. Dynamic assessment displayed that the immune imbalance at the onset of COVID-19 could be corrected during recovery. Our study provides additional information on the immune status of COVID-19 patients with different clinical manifestations in different stages. These findings may provide new insights into COVID-19 immunotherapy and immune intervention.https://peerj.com/articles/18451.pdfCOVID-19SARS-CoV-2AsymptomaticSymptomaticImmune statusMass cytometry |
| spellingShingle | Li Li Xin Zhang Huimin Yan Muwei Dai Huixia Gao Yuling Wang Ping Jiang Erhei Dai Different immunological characteristics of asymptomatic and symptomatic COVID-19 patients without vaccination in the acute and convalescence stages PeerJ COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 Asymptomatic Symptomatic Immune status Mass cytometry |
| title | Different immunological characteristics of asymptomatic and symptomatic COVID-19 patients without vaccination in the acute and convalescence stages |
| title_full | Different immunological characteristics of asymptomatic and symptomatic COVID-19 patients without vaccination in the acute and convalescence stages |
| title_fullStr | Different immunological characteristics of asymptomatic and symptomatic COVID-19 patients without vaccination in the acute and convalescence stages |
| title_full_unstemmed | Different immunological characteristics of asymptomatic and symptomatic COVID-19 patients without vaccination in the acute and convalescence stages |
| title_short | Different immunological characteristics of asymptomatic and symptomatic COVID-19 patients without vaccination in the acute and convalescence stages |
| title_sort | different immunological characteristics of asymptomatic and symptomatic covid 19 patients without vaccination in the acute and convalescence stages |
| topic | COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 Asymptomatic Symptomatic Immune status Mass cytometry |
| url | https://peerj.com/articles/18451.pdf |
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