Proton Pump Inhibitor Use and Incident Hypertension in Menopausal Women
Background Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) could affect blood pressure regulation by suppressing gastric acid required for the conversion of oral nitrite into nitric oxide. Whether PPI use is associated with incident hypertension remains unknown. Methods We included 64 720 menopausal women who were fr...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Wiley
2025-07-01
|
| Series: | Journal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JAHA.124.040009 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1849411494203097088 |
|---|---|
| author | Ahmed I. Soliman Jean Wactawski‐Wende Amy E. Millen Shelly L. Gray Charles B. Eaton Kathleen M. Hovey Macarius Donneyong Nazmus Saquib Charles P. Mouton Deepika Laddu Simin Liu Daichi Shimbo Sylvia Wassertheil‐Smoller Michael J. LaMonte |
| author_facet | Ahmed I. Soliman Jean Wactawski‐Wende Amy E. Millen Shelly L. Gray Charles B. Eaton Kathleen M. Hovey Macarius Donneyong Nazmus Saquib Charles P. Mouton Deepika Laddu Simin Liu Daichi Shimbo Sylvia Wassertheil‐Smoller Michael J. LaMonte |
| author_sort | Ahmed I. Soliman |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) could affect blood pressure regulation by suppressing gastric acid required for the conversion of oral nitrite into nitric oxide. Whether PPI use is associated with incident hypertension remains unknown. Methods We included 64 720 menopausal women who were free from cardiovascular disease and hypertension at enrollment in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study (1993–1998). Baseline PPI use and duration were determined using medication inventories. The outcome was physician diagnosed/treated incident hypertension, assessed by self‐report on annual questionnaires. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs were estimated using multivariable Cox proportional hazard models for incident hypertension according to baseline PPI use (no/yes) and duration (<1 year, 1–3 years, >3 years). The association between PPI use and 3‐year changes in measured blood pressure was examined using linear regression. Results There were 28 951 cases of incident hypertension after a mean follow‐up of 8.7 years. PPI use was associated with 17% higher risk of hypertension compared with nonuse in the fully adjusted model (HR, 1.17 [95% CI, 1.08–1.27]). Longer PPI use durations were significantly associated with incrementally higher risk of hypertension (HR, 1.13, 1.17, 1.28, respectively; trend P<0.001). The 3‐year change in multivariable‐adjusted mean systolic blood pressure increased significantly for PPI new users (+3.39 mm Hg, P=0.049) compared with never users. Conclusions PPI use was associated with higher risk of diagnosed hypertension in menopausal women, and the risk showed a significant trend according to longer duration of use. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-5a4e4e1e95d244fab9eb522e097d7948 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2047-9980 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease |
| spelling | doaj-art-5a4e4e1e95d244fab9eb522e097d79482025-08-20T03:34:45ZengWileyJournal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease2047-99802025-07-01141310.1161/JAHA.124.040009Proton Pump Inhibitor Use and Incident Hypertension in Menopausal WomenAhmed I. Soliman0Jean Wactawski‐Wende1Amy E. Millen2Shelly L. Gray3Charles B. Eaton4Kathleen M. Hovey5Macarius Donneyong6Nazmus Saquib7Charles P. Mouton8Deepika Laddu9Simin Liu10Daichi Shimbo11Sylvia Wassertheil‐Smoller12Michael J. LaMonte13Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health University at Buffalo—SUNY Buffalo NY USADepartment of Epidemiology and Environmental Health University at Buffalo—SUNY Buffalo NY USADepartment of Epidemiology and Environmental Health University at Buffalo—SUNY Buffalo NY USASchool of Pharmacy University of Washington Seattle WA USADepartment of Family Medicine Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University Pawtucket RI USADepartment of Epidemiology and Environmental Health University at Buffalo—SUNY Buffalo NY USACollege of Pharmacy The Ohio State University Columbus OH USACollege of Medicine Sulaiman AlRajhi University Bukariyah Saudi ArabiaUniversity of Texas Medical Branch Galveston TX USAArbor Research Collaborative for Health Ann Arbor MI USADepartment of Epidemiology & Biostatistics University of California Irvine School of Population and Public Health Irvine CA USADepartment of Medicine Columba University Irving Medical Center New York NY USADepartment of Epidemiology and Population Health Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx NY USADepartment of Epidemiology and Environmental Health University at Buffalo—SUNY Buffalo NY USABackground Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) could affect blood pressure regulation by suppressing gastric acid required for the conversion of oral nitrite into nitric oxide. Whether PPI use is associated with incident hypertension remains unknown. Methods We included 64 720 menopausal women who were free from cardiovascular disease and hypertension at enrollment in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study (1993–1998). Baseline PPI use and duration were determined using medication inventories. The outcome was physician diagnosed/treated incident hypertension, assessed by self‐report on annual questionnaires. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs were estimated using multivariable Cox proportional hazard models for incident hypertension according to baseline PPI use (no/yes) and duration (<1 year, 1–3 years, >3 years). The association between PPI use and 3‐year changes in measured blood pressure was examined using linear regression. Results There were 28 951 cases of incident hypertension after a mean follow‐up of 8.7 years. PPI use was associated with 17% higher risk of hypertension compared with nonuse in the fully adjusted model (HR, 1.17 [95% CI, 1.08–1.27]). Longer PPI use durations were significantly associated with incrementally higher risk of hypertension (HR, 1.13, 1.17, 1.28, respectively; trend P<0.001). The 3‐year change in multivariable‐adjusted mean systolic blood pressure increased significantly for PPI new users (+3.39 mm Hg, P=0.049) compared with never users. Conclusions PPI use was associated with higher risk of diagnosed hypertension in menopausal women, and the risk showed a significant trend according to longer duration of use. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JAHA.124.040009blood pressurehypertensionmenopauseproton pump inhibitorswomen |
| spellingShingle | Ahmed I. Soliman Jean Wactawski‐Wende Amy E. Millen Shelly L. Gray Charles B. Eaton Kathleen M. Hovey Macarius Donneyong Nazmus Saquib Charles P. Mouton Deepika Laddu Simin Liu Daichi Shimbo Sylvia Wassertheil‐Smoller Michael J. LaMonte Proton Pump Inhibitor Use and Incident Hypertension in Menopausal Women Journal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease blood pressure hypertension menopause proton pump inhibitors women |
| title | Proton Pump Inhibitor Use and Incident Hypertension in Menopausal Women |
| title_full | Proton Pump Inhibitor Use and Incident Hypertension in Menopausal Women |
| title_fullStr | Proton Pump Inhibitor Use and Incident Hypertension in Menopausal Women |
| title_full_unstemmed | Proton Pump Inhibitor Use and Incident Hypertension in Menopausal Women |
| title_short | Proton Pump Inhibitor Use and Incident Hypertension in Menopausal Women |
| title_sort | proton pump inhibitor use and incident hypertension in menopausal women |
| topic | blood pressure hypertension menopause proton pump inhibitors women |
| url | https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JAHA.124.040009 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT ahmedisoliman protonpumpinhibitoruseandincidenthypertensioninmenopausalwomen AT jeanwactawskiwende protonpumpinhibitoruseandincidenthypertensioninmenopausalwomen AT amyemillen protonpumpinhibitoruseandincidenthypertensioninmenopausalwomen AT shellylgray protonpumpinhibitoruseandincidenthypertensioninmenopausalwomen AT charlesbeaton protonpumpinhibitoruseandincidenthypertensioninmenopausalwomen AT kathleenmhovey protonpumpinhibitoruseandincidenthypertensioninmenopausalwomen AT macariusdonneyong protonpumpinhibitoruseandincidenthypertensioninmenopausalwomen AT nazmussaquib protonpumpinhibitoruseandincidenthypertensioninmenopausalwomen AT charlespmouton protonpumpinhibitoruseandincidenthypertensioninmenopausalwomen AT deepikaladdu protonpumpinhibitoruseandincidenthypertensioninmenopausalwomen AT siminliu protonpumpinhibitoruseandincidenthypertensioninmenopausalwomen AT daichishimbo protonpumpinhibitoruseandincidenthypertensioninmenopausalwomen AT sylviawassertheilsmoller protonpumpinhibitoruseandincidenthypertensioninmenopausalwomen AT michaeljlamonte protonpumpinhibitoruseandincidenthypertensioninmenopausalwomen |