A comparative study of foliar particulate matter wash-off from plants under natural and simulated rain conditions

Abstract Urban greening can reduce concentrations of particulate matter (PM). However, most of the PM is deposited temporarily on foliage and can be removed by precipitation. Due to the unpredictability and randomness of natural rain and the complexity of environmental conditions, the effect of rain...

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Main Authors: Bingjie Zhang, Yi Zhou, Magdalena Pawełkowicz, Elżbieta Wójcik-Gront, Mariia Pismanik, Łukasz Wnorowski, Zongchi Fu, Han Liu, Monika Małecka-Przybysz, Hanna Moniuszko, Chunyang Y. Zhu, Arkadiusz Przybysz
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2024-11-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-80071-4
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author Bingjie Zhang
Yi Zhou
Magdalena Pawełkowicz
Elżbieta Wójcik-Gront
Mariia Pismanik
Łukasz Wnorowski
Zongchi Fu
Han Liu
Monika Małecka-Przybysz
Hanna Moniuszko
Chunyang Y. Zhu
Arkadiusz Przybysz
author_facet Bingjie Zhang
Yi Zhou
Magdalena Pawełkowicz
Elżbieta Wójcik-Gront
Mariia Pismanik
Łukasz Wnorowski
Zongchi Fu
Han Liu
Monika Małecka-Przybysz
Hanna Moniuszko
Chunyang Y. Zhu
Arkadiusz Przybysz
author_sort Bingjie Zhang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Urban greening can reduce concentrations of particulate matter (PM). However, most of the PM is deposited temporarily on foliage and can be removed by precipitation. Due to the unpredictability and randomness of natural rain and the complexity of environmental conditions, the effect of rainfall on PM removal from foliage is usually examined using simulated rain. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of natural and simulated rain on washing off PM deposited on the foliage of seventeen plant species (evergreen/deciduous trees and shrubs, herbaceous plants). Regardless of the PM fraction studied, simulated rain washed off a larger fraction of the PM than natural rain. A novel finding is the differential role played by various plant characteristics in determining the effectiveness of PM wash off under natural and simulated rain conditions, with their influence being more pronounced under natural rainfall. The type of rainfall and PM size fraction influenced the effectiveness of the PM wash-off from different plant groups. Natural rain was more effective at removing PM from evergreen trees, while simulated rainfall was more effective at removing PM from deciduous shrubs and herbaceous plants. The results obtained from this study suggest that simulated rain does not reflect the effects of natural precipitation on the processes removing PM from leaves, and therefore should not be used to explain phenomena that occur in realistic conditions.
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spelling doaj-art-596b6ee77cd74dcfba767f73556af5472025-08-20T02:33:02ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222024-11-0114111510.1038/s41598-024-80071-4A comparative study of foliar particulate matter wash-off from plants under natural and simulated rain conditionsBingjie Zhang0Yi Zhou1Magdalena Pawełkowicz2Elżbieta Wójcik-Gront3Mariia Pismanik4Łukasz Wnorowski5Zongchi Fu6Han Liu7Monika Małecka-Przybysz8Hanna Moniuszko9Chunyang Y. Zhu10Arkadiusz Przybysz11College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityCollege of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityDepartment of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW (WULS-SGGW)Department of Biometry, Institute of Agriculture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW (WULS—SGGW)Section of Basic Research in Horticulture, Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW (WULS—SGGW)Section of Basic Research in Horticulture, Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW (WULS—SGGW)College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityCollege of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural UniversitySection of Basic Research in Horticulture, Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW (WULS—SGGW)Section of Basic Research in Horticulture, Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW (WULS—SGGW)College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural UniversitySection of Basic Research in Horticulture, Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW (WULS—SGGW)Abstract Urban greening can reduce concentrations of particulate matter (PM). However, most of the PM is deposited temporarily on foliage and can be removed by precipitation. Due to the unpredictability and randomness of natural rain and the complexity of environmental conditions, the effect of rainfall on PM removal from foliage is usually examined using simulated rain. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of natural and simulated rain on washing off PM deposited on the foliage of seventeen plant species (evergreen/deciduous trees and shrubs, herbaceous plants). Regardless of the PM fraction studied, simulated rain washed off a larger fraction of the PM than natural rain. A novel finding is the differential role played by various plant characteristics in determining the effectiveness of PM wash off under natural and simulated rain conditions, with their influence being more pronounced under natural rainfall. The type of rainfall and PM size fraction influenced the effectiveness of the PM wash-off from different plant groups. Natural rain was more effective at removing PM from evergreen trees, while simulated rainfall was more effective at removing PM from deciduous shrubs and herbaceous plants. The results obtained from this study suggest that simulated rain does not reflect the effects of natural precipitation on the processes removing PM from leaves, and therefore should not be used to explain phenomena that occur in realistic conditions.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-80071-4Air phytoremediationAir pollutantsPrecipitationNatural rainSimulated rain
spellingShingle Bingjie Zhang
Yi Zhou
Magdalena Pawełkowicz
Elżbieta Wójcik-Gront
Mariia Pismanik
Łukasz Wnorowski
Zongchi Fu
Han Liu
Monika Małecka-Przybysz
Hanna Moniuszko
Chunyang Y. Zhu
Arkadiusz Przybysz
A comparative study of foliar particulate matter wash-off from plants under natural and simulated rain conditions
Scientific Reports
Air phytoremediation
Air pollutants
Precipitation
Natural rain
Simulated rain
title A comparative study of foliar particulate matter wash-off from plants under natural and simulated rain conditions
title_full A comparative study of foliar particulate matter wash-off from plants under natural and simulated rain conditions
title_fullStr A comparative study of foliar particulate matter wash-off from plants under natural and simulated rain conditions
title_full_unstemmed A comparative study of foliar particulate matter wash-off from plants under natural and simulated rain conditions
title_short A comparative study of foliar particulate matter wash-off from plants under natural and simulated rain conditions
title_sort comparative study of foliar particulate matter wash off from plants under natural and simulated rain conditions
topic Air phytoremediation
Air pollutants
Precipitation
Natural rain
Simulated rain
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-80071-4
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