High throughput screening for human disease associated-pathogens and antimicrobial resistance genes in migratory birds at ten habitat sites in China

Abstract Background Migratory birds have been found to carry and spread pathogens, contaminating the environment and causing diseases in humans and other animals. To our knowledge, there hasn’t been any systematic targeted screening for known pathogens in migratory birds. In the current study, custo...

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Main Authors: Lan Wang, Ru Jia, Rufei Ma, Jie Li, Shanrui Wu, Yeshun Fan, Dan Zhao, Dianfeng Chu, Yihua Wang, Guogang Zhang, Jie Liu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-06-01
Series:BMC Microbiology
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-025-04059-4
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author Lan Wang
Ru Jia
Rufei Ma
Jie Li
Shanrui Wu
Yeshun Fan
Dan Zhao
Dianfeng Chu
Yihua Wang
Guogang Zhang
Jie Liu
author_facet Lan Wang
Ru Jia
Rufei Ma
Jie Li
Shanrui Wu
Yeshun Fan
Dan Zhao
Dianfeng Chu
Yihua Wang
Guogang Zhang
Jie Liu
author_sort Lan Wang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Migratory birds have been found to carry and spread pathogens, contaminating the environment and causing diseases in humans and other animals. To our knowledge, there hasn’t been any systematic targeted screening for known pathogens in migratory birds. In the current study, customized real time PCR based TaqMan Array Cards (TAC) were used to detect 99 human disease related pathogens and 20 antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes in migratory birds at 10 habitat sites in China. Results The results showed that 30.5% (107/351) of migratory birds carried at least one of 14 pathogens. The most prevalent pathogens included Aeromonas, Plasmodium, Cryptosporidium, Giardia lamblia, enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC), Campylobacter jejuni/coli, and Rickettsia. Their distribution demonstrated certain host or region specificity. Anseriformes carried higher rate of pathogens (39.1%, 72/184) than Charadriiformes (23.2%, 33/142, p < 0.05). The overall pathogen detection rate was the highest in Hubei (87.1%, 27/31), possessing exclusively Anser. The pathogen quantities were estimated to be 103 to 2 × 108 gene copies per gram of feces. AMR genes associated with resistance to macrolides, quinolones, tetracyclines, and β-lactams were widely detected, with overall quantities ranging from 105 to 109 copies of interrogated genes for each drug class per gram of feces. Conclusions Using such a multi-target detection and quantification platform, this study evaluated the potential role of migratory birds as reservoirs or vectors for a broad range of pathogens and AMR genes in the environment, indicating their capacity to transmit zoonotic diseases. These might provide evidence for implementation of targeted intervention with a one health approach.
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spelling doaj-art-58ef8662df3f455aa2807c5004fdf3b52025-08-20T02:30:45ZengBMCBMC Microbiology1471-21802025-06-0125111210.1186/s12866-025-04059-4High throughput screening for human disease associated-pathogens and antimicrobial resistance genes in migratory birds at ten habitat sites in ChinaLan Wang0Ru Jia1Rufei Ma2Jie Li3Shanrui Wu4Yeshun Fan5Dan Zhao6Dianfeng Chu7Yihua Wang8Guogang Zhang9Jie Liu10Department of Microbial Surveillance and Biosafety, School of Public Health, Qingdao UniversityKey Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of ForestryDepartment of Microbial Surveillance and Biosafety, School of Public Health, Qingdao UniversityDepartment of Microbial Surveillance and Biosafety, School of Public Health, Qingdao UniversityDepartment of Microbial Surveillance and Biosafety, School of Public Health, Qingdao UniversityDepartment of Microbial Surveillance and Biosafety, School of Public Health, Qingdao UniversityDepartment of Microbial Surveillance and Biosafety, School of Public Health, Qingdao UniversityYebio BioEngineering Co. Ltd of QingdaoKey Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of ForestryKey Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of ForestryDepartment of Microbial Surveillance and Biosafety, School of Public Health, Qingdao UniversityAbstract Background Migratory birds have been found to carry and spread pathogens, contaminating the environment and causing diseases in humans and other animals. To our knowledge, there hasn’t been any systematic targeted screening for known pathogens in migratory birds. In the current study, customized real time PCR based TaqMan Array Cards (TAC) were used to detect 99 human disease related pathogens and 20 antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes in migratory birds at 10 habitat sites in China. Results The results showed that 30.5% (107/351) of migratory birds carried at least one of 14 pathogens. The most prevalent pathogens included Aeromonas, Plasmodium, Cryptosporidium, Giardia lamblia, enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC), Campylobacter jejuni/coli, and Rickettsia. Their distribution demonstrated certain host or region specificity. Anseriformes carried higher rate of pathogens (39.1%, 72/184) than Charadriiformes (23.2%, 33/142, p < 0.05). The overall pathogen detection rate was the highest in Hubei (87.1%, 27/31), possessing exclusively Anser. The pathogen quantities were estimated to be 103 to 2 × 108 gene copies per gram of feces. AMR genes associated with resistance to macrolides, quinolones, tetracyclines, and β-lactams were widely detected, with overall quantities ranging from 105 to 109 copies of interrogated genes for each drug class per gram of feces. Conclusions Using such a multi-target detection and quantification platform, this study evaluated the potential role of migratory birds as reservoirs or vectors for a broad range of pathogens and AMR genes in the environment, indicating their capacity to transmit zoonotic diseases. These might provide evidence for implementation of targeted intervention with a one health approach.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-025-04059-4Migratory birdsPathogenAntimicrobial resistanceTaqMan Array CardSurveillance
spellingShingle Lan Wang
Ru Jia
Rufei Ma
Jie Li
Shanrui Wu
Yeshun Fan
Dan Zhao
Dianfeng Chu
Yihua Wang
Guogang Zhang
Jie Liu
High throughput screening for human disease associated-pathogens and antimicrobial resistance genes in migratory birds at ten habitat sites in China
BMC Microbiology
Migratory birds
Pathogen
Antimicrobial resistance
TaqMan Array Card
Surveillance
title High throughput screening for human disease associated-pathogens and antimicrobial resistance genes in migratory birds at ten habitat sites in China
title_full High throughput screening for human disease associated-pathogens and antimicrobial resistance genes in migratory birds at ten habitat sites in China
title_fullStr High throughput screening for human disease associated-pathogens and antimicrobial resistance genes in migratory birds at ten habitat sites in China
title_full_unstemmed High throughput screening for human disease associated-pathogens and antimicrobial resistance genes in migratory birds at ten habitat sites in China
title_short High throughput screening for human disease associated-pathogens and antimicrobial resistance genes in migratory birds at ten habitat sites in China
title_sort high throughput screening for human disease associated pathogens and antimicrobial resistance genes in migratory birds at ten habitat sites in china
topic Migratory birds
Pathogen
Antimicrobial resistance
TaqMan Array Card
Surveillance
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-025-04059-4
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