Measurements of Group Delay and Chromatic Dispersion of Hollow-Core Fiber Using a Frequency Domain Method
Although hollow-core fibers are intended to be single-mode, they can potentially carry slightly higher-order mode content depending on the specific fiber structure. The presence of one or more higher-order modes makes the measurement of group delay and chromatic dispersion difficult if one relies on...
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MDPI AG
2025-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6732/12/1/47 |
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| author | Xin Chen Jason E. Hurley John L. Nord Ilia Nikulin Paulo Dainese Michael Sauer Ming-Jun Li |
| author_facet | Xin Chen Jason E. Hurley John L. Nord Ilia Nikulin Paulo Dainese Michael Sauer Ming-Jun Li |
| author_sort | Xin Chen |
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| description | Although hollow-core fibers are intended to be single-mode, they can potentially carry slightly higher-order mode content depending on the specific fiber structure. The presence of one or more higher-order modes makes the measurement of group delay and chromatic dispersion difficult if one relies on an instrument that is designed to work with single-mode fiber, in particular, a commercial instrument. In this work, we present the measurements of hollow-core fibers using a frequency domain method by acquiring the complex transfer function over a range of modulation frequencies. The measurement technique is immune to the higher-order mode nature presented by some of the hollow-core fibers. We measured hollow-core fibers with a five-capillary structure and a six-capillary structure. We obtained the absolute group delay as well as the chromatic dispersion information. In particular, we were able to measure one hollow-core fiber with at least two modes. The measured chromatic dispersion values are consistent with the modeling and those reported in the literature. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-58dcd2b237204bf99e49aee8b05d3207 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2304-6732 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Photonics |
| spelling | doaj-art-58dcd2b237204bf99e49aee8b05d32072025-01-24T13:46:19ZengMDPI AGPhotonics2304-67322025-01-011214710.3390/photonics12010047Measurements of Group Delay and Chromatic Dispersion of Hollow-Core Fiber Using a Frequency Domain MethodXin Chen0Jason E. Hurley1John L. Nord2Ilia Nikulin3Paulo Dainese4Michael Sauer5Ming-Jun Li6Corning Incorporated, Corning, NY 14831, USACorning Incorporated, Corning, NY 14831, USACorning Incorporated, Corning, NY 14831, USACorning Incorporated, Corning, NY 14831, USACorning Incorporated, Corning, NY 14831, USACorning Incorporated, Corning, NY 14831, USACorning Incorporated, Corning, NY 14831, USAAlthough hollow-core fibers are intended to be single-mode, they can potentially carry slightly higher-order mode content depending on the specific fiber structure. The presence of one or more higher-order modes makes the measurement of group delay and chromatic dispersion difficult if one relies on an instrument that is designed to work with single-mode fiber, in particular, a commercial instrument. In this work, we present the measurements of hollow-core fibers using a frequency domain method by acquiring the complex transfer function over a range of modulation frequencies. The measurement technique is immune to the higher-order mode nature presented by some of the hollow-core fibers. We measured hollow-core fibers with a five-capillary structure and a six-capillary structure. We obtained the absolute group delay as well as the chromatic dispersion information. In particular, we were able to measure one hollow-core fiber with at least two modes. The measured chromatic dispersion values are consistent with the modeling and those reported in the literature.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6732/12/1/47hollow-core fibergroup delaychromatic dispersionfrequency domain measurement |
| spellingShingle | Xin Chen Jason E. Hurley John L. Nord Ilia Nikulin Paulo Dainese Michael Sauer Ming-Jun Li Measurements of Group Delay and Chromatic Dispersion of Hollow-Core Fiber Using a Frequency Domain Method Photonics hollow-core fiber group delay chromatic dispersion frequency domain measurement |
| title | Measurements of Group Delay and Chromatic Dispersion of Hollow-Core Fiber Using a Frequency Domain Method |
| title_full | Measurements of Group Delay and Chromatic Dispersion of Hollow-Core Fiber Using a Frequency Domain Method |
| title_fullStr | Measurements of Group Delay and Chromatic Dispersion of Hollow-Core Fiber Using a Frequency Domain Method |
| title_full_unstemmed | Measurements of Group Delay and Chromatic Dispersion of Hollow-Core Fiber Using a Frequency Domain Method |
| title_short | Measurements of Group Delay and Chromatic Dispersion of Hollow-Core Fiber Using a Frequency Domain Method |
| title_sort | measurements of group delay and chromatic dispersion of hollow core fiber using a frequency domain method |
| topic | hollow-core fiber group delay chromatic dispersion frequency domain measurement |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6732/12/1/47 |
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