Energy Balance, Myostatin, and GILZ: Factors Regulating Adipocyte Differentiation in Belly and Bone
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) belongs to the nuclear hormone receptor subfamily of transcription factors. PPARs are expressed in key target tissues such as liver, fat, and muscle and thus they play a major role in the regulation of energy balance. Because of PPAR-γ's...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2007-01-01
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| Series: | PPAR Research |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2007/92501 |
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| author | Xingming Shi Mark Hamrick Carlos M. Isales |
| author_facet | Xingming Shi Mark Hamrick Carlos M. Isales |
| author_sort | Xingming Shi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) belongs to the nuclear hormone receptor subfamily of transcription factors. PPARs are expressed in key target tissues such as liver, fat, and muscle and thus they play a major role in the regulation of energy balance. Because of PPAR-γ's role in energy balance, signals originating from the gut (e.g., GIP), fat (e.g., leptin), muscle (e.g., myostatin), or bone (e.g., GILZ) can in turn modulate PPAR expression and/or function. Of the two PPAR-γ isoforms, PPAR-γ2 is the key regulator of adipogenesis and also plays a role in bone development. Activation of this receptor favors adipocyte differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells, while inhibition of PPAR-γ2 expression shifts the commitment towards the osteoblastogenic pathway. Clinically, activation of this receptor by antidiabetic agents of the thiazolidinedione class results in lower bone mass and increased fracture rates. We propose that inhibition of PPAR-γ2 expression in mesenchymal stem cells by use of some of the hormones/factors mentioned above may be a useful therapeutic strategy to favor bone formation. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-58b1d1a55ab14c0f889ed03b96283d35 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1687-4757 1687-4765 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2007-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PPAR Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-58b1d1a55ab14c0f889ed03b96283d352025-02-03T01:32:47ZengWileyPPAR Research1687-47571687-47652007-01-01200710.1155/2007/9250192501Energy Balance, Myostatin, and GILZ: Factors Regulating Adipocyte Differentiation in Belly and BoneXingming Shi0Mark Hamrick1Carlos M. Isales2Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Medical College of Georgia, GA 30912, USAInstitute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Medical College of Georgia, GA 30912, USAInstitute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Medical College of Georgia, GA 30912, USAPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) belongs to the nuclear hormone receptor subfamily of transcription factors. PPARs are expressed in key target tissues such as liver, fat, and muscle and thus they play a major role in the regulation of energy balance. Because of PPAR-γ's role in energy balance, signals originating from the gut (e.g., GIP), fat (e.g., leptin), muscle (e.g., myostatin), or bone (e.g., GILZ) can in turn modulate PPAR expression and/or function. Of the two PPAR-γ isoforms, PPAR-γ2 is the key regulator of adipogenesis and also plays a role in bone development. Activation of this receptor favors adipocyte differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells, while inhibition of PPAR-γ2 expression shifts the commitment towards the osteoblastogenic pathway. Clinically, activation of this receptor by antidiabetic agents of the thiazolidinedione class results in lower bone mass and increased fracture rates. We propose that inhibition of PPAR-γ2 expression in mesenchymal stem cells by use of some of the hormones/factors mentioned above may be a useful therapeutic strategy to favor bone formation.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2007/92501 |
| spellingShingle | Xingming Shi Mark Hamrick Carlos M. Isales Energy Balance, Myostatin, and GILZ: Factors Regulating Adipocyte Differentiation in Belly and Bone PPAR Research |
| title | Energy Balance, Myostatin, and GILZ: Factors Regulating Adipocyte Differentiation in Belly and Bone |
| title_full | Energy Balance, Myostatin, and GILZ: Factors Regulating Adipocyte Differentiation in Belly and Bone |
| title_fullStr | Energy Balance, Myostatin, and GILZ: Factors Regulating Adipocyte Differentiation in Belly and Bone |
| title_full_unstemmed | Energy Balance, Myostatin, and GILZ: Factors Regulating Adipocyte Differentiation in Belly and Bone |
| title_short | Energy Balance, Myostatin, and GILZ: Factors Regulating Adipocyte Differentiation in Belly and Bone |
| title_sort | energy balance myostatin and gilz factors regulating adipocyte differentiation in belly and bone |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2007/92501 |
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