West Nile and Usutu viruses: current spreading and future threats in a warming northern Europe
Climate change heavily threatens planetary and human health. Arboviral infections are best studied using the One Health concept, due to their reliance on complex interactions between environmental factors, arthropod vectors and vertebrate hosts. This review focuses on two arboviruses, namely West Ni...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Virology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fviro.2025.1544884/full |
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| author | Justine Laverdeur Justine Laverdeur Hélène Amory Pablo Beckers Daniel Desmecht Frédéric Francis Mutien-Marie Garigliany Marie-Pierre Hayette Annick Linden Gilles Darcis |
| author_facet | Justine Laverdeur Justine Laverdeur Hélène Amory Pablo Beckers Daniel Desmecht Frédéric Francis Mutien-Marie Garigliany Marie-Pierre Hayette Annick Linden Gilles Darcis |
| author_sort | Justine Laverdeur |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Climate change heavily threatens planetary and human health. Arboviral infections are best studied using the One Health concept, due to their reliance on complex interactions between environmental factors, arthropod vectors and vertebrate hosts. This review focuses on two arboviruses, namely West Nile Virus (WNV) and Usutu Virus (USUV), both causing emerging public health issues in northern Europe. They are both maintained in an enzootic cycle involving birds and Culex spp mosquitoes. WNV has demonstrated its sensitivity to the consequences of climate change and there is already evidence that global warming contributes to its expansion in Europe. Future WNV indigenous transmission in northern Europe is therefore plausible. Usutu is a lesser known arbovirosis, sharing similar vectors and hosts as WNV. USUV has a similar geographic expansion to WNV, exhibiting some level of co-circulation. It is therefore crucial to monitor these viruses in the hitherto relatively spared regions of northern Europe. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-583cbefe977643ebafa829a76f7a6147 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2673-818X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Virology |
| spelling | doaj-art-583cbefe977643ebafa829a76f7a61472025-01-28T06:40:48ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Virology2673-818X2025-01-01510.3389/fviro.2025.15448841544884West Nile and Usutu viruses: current spreading and future threats in a warming northern EuropeJustine Laverdeur0Justine Laverdeur1Hélène Amory2Pablo Beckers3Daniel Desmecht4Frédéric Francis5Mutien-Marie Garigliany6Marie-Pierre Hayette7Annick Linden8Gilles Darcis9Department of Infectious Diseases and General Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, BelgiumDepartment of General Practice, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, BelgiumDepartment of Animal Pathology, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals and Health, University of Liège, Liège, BelgiumDepartment of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, BelgiumDepartment of Animal Pathology, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals and Health, University of Liège, Liège, BelgiumFunctional and Evolutionary Entomology, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, BelgiumDepartment of Animal Pathology, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals and Health, University of Liège, Liège, BelgiumDepartment of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, BelgiumDepartment of Animal Pathology, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals and Health, University of Liège, Liège, BelgiumDepartment of Infectious Diseases and General Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, BelgiumClimate change heavily threatens planetary and human health. Arboviral infections are best studied using the One Health concept, due to their reliance on complex interactions between environmental factors, arthropod vectors and vertebrate hosts. This review focuses on two arboviruses, namely West Nile Virus (WNV) and Usutu Virus (USUV), both causing emerging public health issues in northern Europe. They are both maintained in an enzootic cycle involving birds and Culex spp mosquitoes. WNV has demonstrated its sensitivity to the consequences of climate change and there is already evidence that global warming contributes to its expansion in Europe. Future WNV indigenous transmission in northern Europe is therefore plausible. Usutu is a lesser known arbovirosis, sharing similar vectors and hosts as WNV. USUV has a similar geographic expansion to WNV, exhibiting some level of co-circulation. It is therefore crucial to monitor these viruses in the hitherto relatively spared regions of northern Europe.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fviro.2025.1544884/fullarbovirosisWest Nile virusUsutuzoonosisOne Healthclimate change |
| spellingShingle | Justine Laverdeur Justine Laverdeur Hélène Amory Pablo Beckers Daniel Desmecht Frédéric Francis Mutien-Marie Garigliany Marie-Pierre Hayette Annick Linden Gilles Darcis West Nile and Usutu viruses: current spreading and future threats in a warming northern Europe Frontiers in Virology arbovirosis West Nile virus Usutu zoonosis One Health climate change |
| title | West Nile and Usutu viruses: current spreading and future threats in a warming northern Europe |
| title_full | West Nile and Usutu viruses: current spreading and future threats in a warming northern Europe |
| title_fullStr | West Nile and Usutu viruses: current spreading and future threats in a warming northern Europe |
| title_full_unstemmed | West Nile and Usutu viruses: current spreading and future threats in a warming northern Europe |
| title_short | West Nile and Usutu viruses: current spreading and future threats in a warming northern Europe |
| title_sort | west nile and usutu viruses current spreading and future threats in a warming northern europe |
| topic | arbovirosis West Nile virus Usutu zoonosis One Health climate change |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fviro.2025.1544884/full |
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