Modern RFID Reader Antennas: A Review of the Design, State-of-the-Art, and Research Challenges
The internet of things (IoT) paradigm aims to make the world smarter by reducing human intervention and promoting automated interactions. A radio frequency identification (RFID) reader is a necessary component for automated object identification and data transfer in an IoT network. Its performance i...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IEEE
2025-01-01
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| Series: | IEEE Access |
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| Online Access: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10818691/ |
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| author | Chandni Bajaj Sachin Kumar Dharmendra Kumar Upadhyay Binod Kumar Kanaujia Dhiraj Gupta Tanweer Ali |
| author_facet | Chandni Bajaj Sachin Kumar Dharmendra Kumar Upadhyay Binod Kumar Kanaujia Dhiraj Gupta Tanweer Ali |
| author_sort | Chandni Bajaj |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The internet of things (IoT) paradigm aims to make the world smarter by reducing human intervention and promoting automated interactions. A radio frequency identification (RFID) reader is a necessary component for automated object identification and data transfer in an IoT network. Its performance is primarily determined by the characteristics of the integrated or externally connected antennas. This article provides a review of the state-of-the-art reader antenna designs, as well as research challenges. The RFID reader antennas are investigated based on their operating frequency bands, gain, and polarization. Generalized procedures for designing specific antenna configurations, which are useful and widely used by readers, are illustrated and explained. Several design challenges have been investigated and analyzed, including narrow bandwidth, bidirectional radiation pattern, low gain, linear polarization, and a larger footprint. Subsequent solutions have also been provided. Cross-dipole configurations are one method for achieving a compact footprint and circular polarization characteristics without using complicated feeding circuitry. Low antenna gain has a direct impact on the read range of the reader. Therefore, increasing the gain of the reader antennas is an essential requirement. One of the gain-enhancing techniques is to use an artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) surface beneath the antenna. This reduces backward radiation of the antenna-AMC integrated configuration, increasing the antenna peak gain. The AMC also helps in the achievement of unidirectional radiation. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-58131707e8264350886ff2ddc6372101 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2169-3536 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
| record_format | Article |
| series | IEEE Access |
| spelling | doaj-art-58131707e8264350886ff2ddc63721012025-01-29T00:00:51ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362025-01-0113164271644310.1109/ACCESS.2024.352438710818691Modern RFID Reader Antennas: A Review of the Design, State-of-the-Art, and Research ChallengesChandni Bajaj0https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4680-2845Sachin Kumar1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6260-6353Dharmendra Kumar Upadhyay2Binod Kumar Kanaujia3https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1272-1561Dhiraj Gupta4Tanweer Ali5https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1959-0480Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Delhi, New Delhi, IndiaDepartment of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Galgotias College of Engineering and Technology, Greater Noida, IndiaDepartment of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Netaji Subhas University of Technology, New Delhi, IndiaDepartment of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, IndiaDepartment of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Greater Noida Institute of Technology, Greater Noida, IndiaDepartment of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal, IndiaThe internet of things (IoT) paradigm aims to make the world smarter by reducing human intervention and promoting automated interactions. A radio frequency identification (RFID) reader is a necessary component for automated object identification and data transfer in an IoT network. Its performance is primarily determined by the characteristics of the integrated or externally connected antennas. This article provides a review of the state-of-the-art reader antenna designs, as well as research challenges. The RFID reader antennas are investigated based on their operating frequency bands, gain, and polarization. Generalized procedures for designing specific antenna configurations, which are useful and widely used by readers, are illustrated and explained. Several design challenges have been investigated and analyzed, including narrow bandwidth, bidirectional radiation pattern, low gain, linear polarization, and a larger footprint. Subsequent solutions have also been provided. Cross-dipole configurations are one method for achieving a compact footprint and circular polarization characteristics without using complicated feeding circuitry. Low antenna gain has a direct impact on the read range of the reader. Therefore, increasing the gain of the reader antennas is an essential requirement. One of the gain-enhancing techniques is to use an artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) surface beneath the antenna. This reduces backward radiation of the antenna-AMC integrated configuration, increasing the antenna peak gain. The AMC also helps in the achievement of unidirectional radiation.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10818691/AMCcross-dipoleIoTmetasurfacePECRFID |
| spellingShingle | Chandni Bajaj Sachin Kumar Dharmendra Kumar Upadhyay Binod Kumar Kanaujia Dhiraj Gupta Tanweer Ali Modern RFID Reader Antennas: A Review of the Design, State-of-the-Art, and Research Challenges IEEE Access AMC cross-dipole IoT metasurface PEC RFID |
| title | Modern RFID Reader Antennas: A Review of the Design, State-of-the-Art, and Research Challenges |
| title_full | Modern RFID Reader Antennas: A Review of the Design, State-of-the-Art, and Research Challenges |
| title_fullStr | Modern RFID Reader Antennas: A Review of the Design, State-of-the-Art, and Research Challenges |
| title_full_unstemmed | Modern RFID Reader Antennas: A Review of the Design, State-of-the-Art, and Research Challenges |
| title_short | Modern RFID Reader Antennas: A Review of the Design, State-of-the-Art, and Research Challenges |
| title_sort | modern rfid reader antennas a review of the design state of the art and research challenges |
| topic | AMC cross-dipole IoT metasurface PEC RFID |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10818691/ |
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