Physico-chemical and microbiological quality of raw milk produced by smallholder farmers in Gulu City, Northern Uganda
Smallholder dairy farmers in Northern Uganda sell raw milk to the final consumers without conducting quality control measures. This study evaluated physico-chemical and microbiological quality of milk produced by smallholder farmers in Gulu City. Samples of raw milk were collected from forty (40) sm...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Taylor & Francis Group
2024-12-01
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| Series: | Cogent Food & Agriculture |
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| Online Access: | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/23311932.2024.2303175 |
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| author | Alfred Opiyo Kenneth Kidega Ipolto Okello-Uma Solomon Olum |
| author_facet | Alfred Opiyo Kenneth Kidega Ipolto Okello-Uma Solomon Olum |
| author_sort | Alfred Opiyo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Smallholder dairy farmers in Northern Uganda sell raw milk to the final consumers without conducting quality control measures. This study evaluated physico-chemical and microbiological quality of milk produced by smallholder farmers in Gulu City. Samples of raw milk were collected from forty (40) smallholder dairy farmers rearing lactating exotic breed of dairy cows (Holstein Friesian) in zero grazing units and eight (8) from milk collection centers. Data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 21.0) by employing descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA and t-test to separate significant means at 5% level of significance. Significant (P < 0.05) differences were observed in the content of solid-not-fat (SNF), specific gravity, pH value, lactic acid, Coliform count and total plate count of colony forming unit among four divisions in Gulu City. There was no discernible (p > 0.05) difference in protein as well as fat content for milk sampled from the study divisions. In conclusion, smallholder dairy farmers in Gulu City conduct limited recommended key practices for raw milk production leading to compromised microbiological and physico-chemical quality. Further research is needed on in-depth analysis of the different species of micro-organisms in raw milk from both local and exotic breeds of dairy cattle under the smallholder farming system in Northern Uganda. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-57fbdfd2d9a94897bd09cbd76e41ff3b |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2331-1932 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | Taylor & Francis Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cogent Food & Agriculture |
| spelling | doaj-art-57fbdfd2d9a94897bd09cbd76e41ff3b2025-08-20T02:38:14ZengTaylor & Francis GroupCogent Food & Agriculture2331-19322024-12-0110110.1080/23311932.2024.2303175Physico-chemical and microbiological quality of raw milk produced by smallholder farmers in Gulu City, Northern UgandaAlfred Opiyo0Kenneth Kidega1Ipolto Okello-Uma2Solomon Olum3Department of Food Science and Postharvest Technology, Gulu University, Gulu, UgandaDepartment of Food Science and Postharvest Technology, Gulu University, Gulu, UgandaDepartment of Food Science and Postharvest Technology, Gulu University, Gulu, UgandaDepartment of Food Science and Postharvest Technology, Gulu University, Gulu, UgandaSmallholder dairy farmers in Northern Uganda sell raw milk to the final consumers without conducting quality control measures. This study evaluated physico-chemical and microbiological quality of milk produced by smallholder farmers in Gulu City. Samples of raw milk were collected from forty (40) smallholder dairy farmers rearing lactating exotic breed of dairy cows (Holstein Friesian) in zero grazing units and eight (8) from milk collection centers. Data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 21.0) by employing descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA and t-test to separate significant means at 5% level of significance. Significant (P < 0.05) differences were observed in the content of solid-not-fat (SNF), specific gravity, pH value, lactic acid, Coliform count and total plate count of colony forming unit among four divisions in Gulu City. There was no discernible (p > 0.05) difference in protein as well as fat content for milk sampled from the study divisions. In conclusion, smallholder dairy farmers in Gulu City conduct limited recommended key practices for raw milk production leading to compromised microbiological and physico-chemical quality. Further research is needed on in-depth analysis of the different species of micro-organisms in raw milk from both local and exotic breeds of dairy cattle under the smallholder farming system in Northern Uganda.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/23311932.2024.2303175Microbiological qualityphysico-chemical qualityraw milksmallholder dairy farmersM. Luisa Escudero-Gilete, Universidad de Sevilla, SpainFood Chemistry; Food Microbiology; Animals & Ethics |
| spellingShingle | Alfred Opiyo Kenneth Kidega Ipolto Okello-Uma Solomon Olum Physico-chemical and microbiological quality of raw milk produced by smallholder farmers in Gulu City, Northern Uganda Cogent Food & Agriculture Microbiological quality physico-chemical quality raw milk smallholder dairy farmers M. Luisa Escudero-Gilete, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain Food Chemistry; Food Microbiology; Animals & Ethics |
| title | Physico-chemical and microbiological quality of raw milk produced by smallholder farmers in Gulu City, Northern Uganda |
| title_full | Physico-chemical and microbiological quality of raw milk produced by smallholder farmers in Gulu City, Northern Uganda |
| title_fullStr | Physico-chemical and microbiological quality of raw milk produced by smallholder farmers in Gulu City, Northern Uganda |
| title_full_unstemmed | Physico-chemical and microbiological quality of raw milk produced by smallholder farmers in Gulu City, Northern Uganda |
| title_short | Physico-chemical and microbiological quality of raw milk produced by smallholder farmers in Gulu City, Northern Uganda |
| title_sort | physico chemical and microbiological quality of raw milk produced by smallholder farmers in gulu city northern uganda |
| topic | Microbiological quality physico-chemical quality raw milk smallholder dairy farmers M. Luisa Escudero-Gilete, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain Food Chemistry; Food Microbiology; Animals & Ethics |
| url | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/23311932.2024.2303175 |
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