The Fate of the Interstellar Medium in Early-type Galaxies. V. Active Galactic Nucleus Feedback from Optical Spectral Classification
Quenching of star formation plays a fundamental role in galaxy evolution. This process occurs due to the removal of the cold interstellar medium (ISM) or stabilization against collapse, so that gas cannot be used in the formation of new stars. In this paper, we study the effect of different mechanis...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
IOP Publishing
2025-01-01
|
| Series: | The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/ad93cd |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1832593545144303616 |
|---|---|
| author | Oleh Ryzhov Michał J. Michałowski J. Nadolny J. Hjorth A. Leśniewska M. Solar P. Nowaczyk C. Gall T. T. Takeuchi |
| author_facet | Oleh Ryzhov Michał J. Michałowski J. Nadolny J. Hjorth A. Leśniewska M. Solar P. Nowaczyk C. Gall T. T. Takeuchi |
| author_sort | Oleh Ryzhov |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Quenching of star formation plays a fundamental role in galaxy evolution. This process occurs due to the removal of the cold interstellar medium (ISM) or stabilization against collapse, so that gas cannot be used in the formation of new stars. In this paper, we study the effect of different mechanisms of ISM removal. In particular, we revised the well-known Baldwin–Philips–Terlevich (BPT) and EW _H _α versus [N ii ]/H α (WHAN) emission-line ratio diagnostics, so that we could classify all galaxies, even those not detected at some emission lines, introducing several new spectral classes. We use spectroscopic data and several physical parameters of 2409 dusty early-type galaxies in order to find out the dominant ionization source (active galactic nuclei, AGNs, young massive stars, hot low-mass evolved stars, HOLMES) and its effect on the ISM. We find that strong AGNs can play a significant role in the ISM removal process only for galaxies with ages lower than 10 ^9.4 yr, but we cannot rule out the influence of weak AGNs at any age. For older galaxies, HOLMES/planetary nebulae contribute significantly to the ISM removal process. Additionally, we provide the BPT and WHAN classifications not only for the selected sample but also for all 300,000 galaxies in the Galaxy And Mass Assembly survey fields. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-57fa857c86c64e998fc2f588117eefbf |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 0067-0049 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series |
| spelling | doaj-art-57fa857c86c64e998fc2f588117eefbf2025-01-20T11:29:48ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series0067-00492025-01-0127625510.3847/1538-4365/ad93cdThe Fate of the Interstellar Medium in Early-type Galaxies. V. Active Galactic Nucleus Feedback from Optical Spectral ClassificationOleh Ryzhov0https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4932-2956Michał J. Michałowski1https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9033-4140J. Nadolny2https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1440-9061J. Hjorth3A. Leśniewska4https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8723-3533M. Solar5https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3148-1359P. Nowaczyk6https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0771-8827C. Gall7https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8526-3963T. T. Takeuchi8Astronomical Observatory Institute, Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Adam Mickiewicz University , ul. Słoneczna 36, 60-286, Poznań, Poland ; ryzhovuniv27@gmail.comAstronomical Observatory Institute, Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Adam Mickiewicz University , ul. Słoneczna 36, 60-286, Poznań, Poland ; ryzhovuniv27@gmail.com; Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh , Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh, EH9 3HJ, UKAstronomical Observatory Institute, Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Adam Mickiewicz University , ul. Słoneczna 36, 60-286, Poznań, Poland ; ryzhovuniv27@gmail.com; Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias , E-38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, SpainDARK, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen , Jagtvej 155A, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, DenmarkAstronomical Observatory Institute, Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Adam Mickiewicz University , ul. Słoneczna 36, 60-286, Poznań, Poland ; ryzhovuniv27@gmail.com; DARK, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen , Jagtvej 155A, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, DenmarkAstronomical Observatory Institute, Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Adam Mickiewicz University , ul. Słoneczna 36, 60-286, Poznań, Poland ; ryzhovuniv27@gmail.comAstronomical Observatory Institute, Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Adam Mickiewicz University , ul. Słoneczna 36, 60-286, Poznań, Poland ; ryzhovuniv27@gmail.comDARK, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen , Jagtvej 155A, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, DenmarkDivision of Particle and Astrophysical Science, Nagoya University , Furo-Cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan; The Research Center for Statistical Machine Learning, the Institute of Statistical Mathematics , 10–3 Midori-cho, Tachikawa, Tokyo 190-8562, JapanQuenching of star formation plays a fundamental role in galaxy evolution. This process occurs due to the removal of the cold interstellar medium (ISM) or stabilization against collapse, so that gas cannot be used in the formation of new stars. In this paper, we study the effect of different mechanisms of ISM removal. In particular, we revised the well-known Baldwin–Philips–Terlevich (BPT) and EW _H _α versus [N ii ]/H α (WHAN) emission-line ratio diagnostics, so that we could classify all galaxies, even those not detected at some emission lines, introducing several new spectral classes. We use spectroscopic data and several physical parameters of 2409 dusty early-type galaxies in order to find out the dominant ionization source (active galactic nuclei, AGNs, young massive stars, hot low-mass evolved stars, HOLMES) and its effect on the ISM. We find that strong AGNs can play a significant role in the ISM removal process only for galaxies with ages lower than 10 ^9.4 yr, but we cannot rule out the influence of weak AGNs at any age. For older galaxies, HOLMES/planetary nebulae contribute significantly to the ISM removal process. Additionally, we provide the BPT and WHAN classifications not only for the selected sample but also for all 300,000 galaxies in the Galaxy And Mass Assembly survey fields.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/ad93cdEarly-type galaxiesElliptical galaxiesGalaxy agesGalaxy evolutionInterstellar mediumGalaxy quenching |
| spellingShingle | Oleh Ryzhov Michał J. Michałowski J. Nadolny J. Hjorth A. Leśniewska M. Solar P. Nowaczyk C. Gall T. T. Takeuchi The Fate of the Interstellar Medium in Early-type Galaxies. V. Active Galactic Nucleus Feedback from Optical Spectral Classification The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series Early-type galaxies Elliptical galaxies Galaxy ages Galaxy evolution Interstellar medium Galaxy quenching |
| title | The Fate of the Interstellar Medium in Early-type Galaxies. V. Active Galactic Nucleus Feedback from Optical Spectral Classification |
| title_full | The Fate of the Interstellar Medium in Early-type Galaxies. V. Active Galactic Nucleus Feedback from Optical Spectral Classification |
| title_fullStr | The Fate of the Interstellar Medium in Early-type Galaxies. V. Active Galactic Nucleus Feedback from Optical Spectral Classification |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Fate of the Interstellar Medium in Early-type Galaxies. V. Active Galactic Nucleus Feedback from Optical Spectral Classification |
| title_short | The Fate of the Interstellar Medium in Early-type Galaxies. V. Active Galactic Nucleus Feedback from Optical Spectral Classification |
| title_sort | fate of the interstellar medium in early type galaxies v active galactic nucleus feedback from optical spectral classification |
| topic | Early-type galaxies Elliptical galaxies Galaxy ages Galaxy evolution Interstellar medium Galaxy quenching |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/ad93cd |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT olehryzhov thefateoftheinterstellarmediuminearlytypegalaxiesvactivegalacticnucleusfeedbackfromopticalspectralclassification AT michałjmichałowski thefateoftheinterstellarmediuminearlytypegalaxiesvactivegalacticnucleusfeedbackfromopticalspectralclassification AT jnadolny thefateoftheinterstellarmediuminearlytypegalaxiesvactivegalacticnucleusfeedbackfromopticalspectralclassification AT jhjorth thefateoftheinterstellarmediuminearlytypegalaxiesvactivegalacticnucleusfeedbackfromopticalspectralclassification AT alesniewska thefateoftheinterstellarmediuminearlytypegalaxiesvactivegalacticnucleusfeedbackfromopticalspectralclassification AT msolar thefateoftheinterstellarmediuminearlytypegalaxiesvactivegalacticnucleusfeedbackfromopticalspectralclassification AT pnowaczyk thefateoftheinterstellarmediuminearlytypegalaxiesvactivegalacticnucleusfeedbackfromopticalspectralclassification AT cgall thefateoftheinterstellarmediuminearlytypegalaxiesvactivegalacticnucleusfeedbackfromopticalspectralclassification AT tttakeuchi thefateoftheinterstellarmediuminearlytypegalaxiesvactivegalacticnucleusfeedbackfromopticalspectralclassification AT olehryzhov fateoftheinterstellarmediuminearlytypegalaxiesvactivegalacticnucleusfeedbackfromopticalspectralclassification AT michałjmichałowski fateoftheinterstellarmediuminearlytypegalaxiesvactivegalacticnucleusfeedbackfromopticalspectralclassification AT jnadolny fateoftheinterstellarmediuminearlytypegalaxiesvactivegalacticnucleusfeedbackfromopticalspectralclassification AT jhjorth fateoftheinterstellarmediuminearlytypegalaxiesvactivegalacticnucleusfeedbackfromopticalspectralclassification AT alesniewska fateoftheinterstellarmediuminearlytypegalaxiesvactivegalacticnucleusfeedbackfromopticalspectralclassification AT msolar fateoftheinterstellarmediuminearlytypegalaxiesvactivegalacticnucleusfeedbackfromopticalspectralclassification AT pnowaczyk fateoftheinterstellarmediuminearlytypegalaxiesvactivegalacticnucleusfeedbackfromopticalspectralclassification AT cgall fateoftheinterstellarmediuminearlytypegalaxiesvactivegalacticnucleusfeedbackfromopticalspectralclassification AT tttakeuchi fateoftheinterstellarmediuminearlytypegalaxiesvactivegalacticnucleusfeedbackfromopticalspectralclassification |