A bovine pulmosphere model and multiomics reveal early host response signature in tuberculosis

Abstract Early interactions between tubercle bacilli and lung cells are critical in tuberculosis (TB) pathogenesis. Conventional two-dimensional cell cultures fail to replicate the multicellular complexity of lungs. We introduce a three-dimensional pulmosphere model for Mycobacterium tuberculosis in...

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Main Authors: Vinay Bhaskar, Rishi Kumar, Manas Ranjan Praharaj, Sripratyusha Gandham, Hemanta Kumar Maity, Uttam Sarkar, Bappaditya Dey
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-04-01
Series:Communications Biology
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-025-07883-6
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author Vinay Bhaskar
Rishi Kumar
Manas Ranjan Praharaj
Sripratyusha Gandham
Hemanta Kumar Maity
Uttam Sarkar
Bappaditya Dey
author_facet Vinay Bhaskar
Rishi Kumar
Manas Ranjan Praharaj
Sripratyusha Gandham
Hemanta Kumar Maity
Uttam Sarkar
Bappaditya Dey
author_sort Vinay Bhaskar
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Early interactions between tubercle bacilli and lung cells are critical in tuberculosis (TB) pathogenesis. Conventional two-dimensional cell cultures fail to replicate the multicellular complexity of lungs. We introduce a three-dimensional pulmosphere model for Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in bovine systems, demonstrating through comprehensive transcriptome and proteome analyses that these multicellular spheroids closely mimic lung cell diversity, interactions, and extracellular matrix (ECM) composition. Cell viability, hypoxia, and reactive oxygen species assessments over three weeks confirm the model’s suitability. To establish infection, we employed M. bovis BCG—an attenuated vaccine strain, and M. tuberculosis H37Rv—a laboratory adapted human clinical strain that is attenuated for cattle infection compared to M. bovis. Both infection upregulated key host pathways; however, M. tuberculosis induced distinct responses, including enhanced ECM receptors expression, neutrophil chemotaxis, interferon signaling, and RIG-1 signaling. A six genes/protein signature- IRF1, CCL5, CXCL8, CXCL10, SERPINE1, and CFB -emerges as an early host response marker to M. tuberculosis infection. Infection with virulent M. bovis and M. orygis revealed a shared upregulated gene signature across Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex species, but with pathogen-specific variations. This study presents a robust ex vivo bovine pulmosphere TB model with implications in biomarkers discovery, high-throughput drug screening, and TB control strategies.
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spelling doaj-art-57f9b42505334e34bb5cb9968b1c110c2025-08-20T03:07:44ZengNature PortfolioCommunications Biology2399-36422025-04-018111910.1038/s42003-025-07883-6A bovine pulmosphere model and multiomics reveal early host response signature in tuberculosisVinay Bhaskar0Rishi Kumar1Manas Ranjan Praharaj2Sripratyusha Gandham3Hemanta Kumar Maity4Uttam Sarkar5Bappaditya Dey6National Institute of Animal BiotechnologyNational Institute of Animal BiotechnologyNational Institute of Animal BiotechnologyNational Institute of Animal BiotechnologyDepartment of Avian Sciences, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery SciencesDepartment of Animal Genetics and Breeding, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery SciencesNational Institute of Animal BiotechnologyAbstract Early interactions between tubercle bacilli and lung cells are critical in tuberculosis (TB) pathogenesis. Conventional two-dimensional cell cultures fail to replicate the multicellular complexity of lungs. We introduce a three-dimensional pulmosphere model for Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in bovine systems, demonstrating through comprehensive transcriptome and proteome analyses that these multicellular spheroids closely mimic lung cell diversity, interactions, and extracellular matrix (ECM) composition. Cell viability, hypoxia, and reactive oxygen species assessments over three weeks confirm the model’s suitability. To establish infection, we employed M. bovis BCG—an attenuated vaccine strain, and M. tuberculosis H37Rv—a laboratory adapted human clinical strain that is attenuated for cattle infection compared to M. bovis. Both infection upregulated key host pathways; however, M. tuberculosis induced distinct responses, including enhanced ECM receptors expression, neutrophil chemotaxis, interferon signaling, and RIG-1 signaling. A six genes/protein signature- IRF1, CCL5, CXCL8, CXCL10, SERPINE1, and CFB -emerges as an early host response marker to M. tuberculosis infection. Infection with virulent M. bovis and M. orygis revealed a shared upregulated gene signature across Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex species, but with pathogen-specific variations. This study presents a robust ex vivo bovine pulmosphere TB model with implications in biomarkers discovery, high-throughput drug screening, and TB control strategies.https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-025-07883-6
spellingShingle Vinay Bhaskar
Rishi Kumar
Manas Ranjan Praharaj
Sripratyusha Gandham
Hemanta Kumar Maity
Uttam Sarkar
Bappaditya Dey
A bovine pulmosphere model and multiomics reveal early host response signature in tuberculosis
Communications Biology
title A bovine pulmosphere model and multiomics reveal early host response signature in tuberculosis
title_full A bovine pulmosphere model and multiomics reveal early host response signature in tuberculosis
title_fullStr A bovine pulmosphere model and multiomics reveal early host response signature in tuberculosis
title_full_unstemmed A bovine pulmosphere model and multiomics reveal early host response signature in tuberculosis
title_short A bovine pulmosphere model and multiomics reveal early host response signature in tuberculosis
title_sort bovine pulmosphere model and multiomics reveal early host response signature in tuberculosis
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-025-07883-6
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