Surfactin, bacillibactin and bacilysin are the main antibacterial substances of Bacillus subtilis JSHY-K3 that inhibited the growth of VpAHPND (the main pathogen of acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease in shrimp)

Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND), which is caused by a particular strain of Vibrio that carries the pirA and pirB virulence protein gene, has caused major economic losses in shrimp farming. Bacillus subtilis JSHY-K3, a bacterial strain apparently antagonistic to VpAHPND, was screened...

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Main Authors: Luoping Xiang, Zijie Zhou, Xiaotong Wang, Ge Jiang, Jie Cheng, Yadong Hu, Jin Qian, Xiaoman Sun, Hui Shen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-07-01
Series:Aquaculture Reports
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352513425001310
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Summary:Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND), which is caused by a particular strain of Vibrio that carries the pirA and pirB virulence protein gene, has caused major economic losses in shrimp farming. Bacillus subtilis JSHY-K3, a bacterial strain apparently antagonistic to VpAHPND, was screened by our laboratory to better control AHPND. Our previous whole-genome sequencing analysis and untargeted metabolomics-LCMS-EMDB analysis of strain JSHY-K3 revealed that its antimicrobial material could be surfactin, aurantinin B/C/D, fengycin, sublancin 168, bacillibactin, subtilosin A, bacilysin, caffeic acid, fosfomycin, minocycline and so on. However, the specific bacteriostatic substances remain unclear and need to be further investigated. In this study, based on the whole genome sequence information obtained previously, we used CRISPR/Cas9 technology to edit the genome of B. subtilis JSHY-K3 and constructed 6 strains of gene knockout mutants, among which the bacterial solution and cell-free culture medium of the mutants ΔsrfAB-AC, ΔdhbC and ΔbacA showed a significant decrease in antagonism to VpAHPND. Therefore, we suspected that the main antibacterial substances of B. subtilis JSHY-K3 may be surfactin, bacillibactin and bacilysin. We then carried out high-resolution mass spectrometry and three-quadrupole quantitative analysis on the fermentation supernatants of strains JSHY-K3, ΔsrfAB-AC, ΔdhbC and ΔbacA, and confirmed that these three gene clusters are involved in the synthesis of surfactin, bacillibactin and bacilysin, respectively. It was also confirmed that the deletion of the srfAB-AC, dhbC, bacA genes led to a reduction in the synthesis of surfactin, bacillibactin, bacilysin, which in turn led to a decrease in the inhibitory ability of the three mutant strains against VpAHPND. In conclusion, surfactin, bacillibactin and bacilysin are the main inhibitory substances of B. subtilis JSHY-K3 to inhibit the growth of VpAHPND.
ISSN:2352-5134