Do healthy people migrate more? A 21-year follow-up of a rural cohort in Bangladesh

Demographers have long suspected that health influences whether a person migrates―a “healthy migrant effect” ―but this has rarely been tested for a longer period with high-quality, longitudinal data. This study aimed to assess which measures of health are associated with subsequent migrations among...

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Main Authors: Nurul Alam, M. Moinuddin Haider, Md Mahabubur Rahman, Mamun Ibn Bashar, Md Tazvir Amin, Katherine S. Wander
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2024-10-01
Series:Heliyon
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844024156782
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author Nurul Alam
M. Moinuddin Haider
Md Mahabubur Rahman
Mamun Ibn Bashar
Md Tazvir Amin
Katherine S. Wander
author_facet Nurul Alam
M. Moinuddin Haider
Md Mahabubur Rahman
Mamun Ibn Bashar
Md Tazvir Amin
Katherine S. Wander
author_sort Nurul Alam
collection DOAJ
description Demographers have long suspected that health influences whether a person migrates―a “healthy migrant effect” ―but this has rarely been tested for a longer period with high-quality, longitudinal data. This study aimed to assess which measures of health are associated with subsequent migrations among young adults from a rural community in Bangladesh, adjusted for socio-demographic characteristics, and how long these associations persist. The 1996 Matlab Health and Socioeconomic Survey (MHSS) characterized health (by self-reported chronic, and acute morbidity symptoms in the past 12 months and one month, respectively, and self-rated health status) of adults within the Matlab Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS) cohort. Analyses included 3756 (M = 1,496, F = 2260) adults aged 18–34 years (the age when migration peaks) to study the effect of health on migration. Cox Proportional Hazards models were estimated to describe associations between health status and subsequent out-migration in 1996–2017, controlling for age, sex, education, religious affiliation, and household asset quintiles. Discrete-time logistic models were estimated to assess the sustained effects of health status measures on out-migrations. Results reveal that self-reported chronic morbidity, neither acute morbidity nor self-rated health status, inhibited subsequent migration. More reported chronic morbidity symptoms were associated with a lower migration (hazard ratio, HR = 0.82, CI = 0.74–0.92 for one symptom and HR = 0.73, CI = 0.63–0.84 for ≥2 symptoms relative to no symptoms). The differences diminished but persisted over time. Socio-demographic variables inhibiting migration were female sex, older age, and lower-level education. In conclusion, healthy young rural adults were more likely to migrate than their counterparts with symptoms of chronic morbidity, and the effect of chronic morbidity on subsequent migrations waned but not eliminated over time.
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spelling doaj-art-57e67fa6c67c4b96ae5a4b3749ade0bb2025-08-20T02:14:03ZengElsevierHeliyon2405-84402024-10-011020e3964710.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e39647Do healthy people migrate more? A 21-year follow-up of a rural cohort in BangladeshNurul Alam0M. Moinuddin Haider1Md Mahabubur Rahman2Mamun Ibn Bashar3Md Tazvir Amin4Katherine S. Wander5International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, BangladeshInternational Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Corresponding author. icddr,b, 68 Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh.International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, BangladeshInternational Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, BangladeshInternational Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, BangladeshBinghamton University, New York, USADemographers have long suspected that health influences whether a person migrates―a “healthy migrant effect” ―but this has rarely been tested for a longer period with high-quality, longitudinal data. This study aimed to assess which measures of health are associated with subsequent migrations among young adults from a rural community in Bangladesh, adjusted for socio-demographic characteristics, and how long these associations persist. The 1996 Matlab Health and Socioeconomic Survey (MHSS) characterized health (by self-reported chronic, and acute morbidity symptoms in the past 12 months and one month, respectively, and self-rated health status) of adults within the Matlab Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS) cohort. Analyses included 3756 (M = 1,496, F = 2260) adults aged 18–34 years (the age when migration peaks) to study the effect of health on migration. Cox Proportional Hazards models were estimated to describe associations between health status and subsequent out-migration in 1996–2017, controlling for age, sex, education, religious affiliation, and household asset quintiles. Discrete-time logistic models were estimated to assess the sustained effects of health status measures on out-migrations. Results reveal that self-reported chronic morbidity, neither acute morbidity nor self-rated health status, inhibited subsequent migration. More reported chronic morbidity symptoms were associated with a lower migration (hazard ratio, HR = 0.82, CI = 0.74–0.92 for one symptom and HR = 0.73, CI = 0.63–0.84 for ≥2 symptoms relative to no symptoms). The differences diminished but persisted over time. Socio-demographic variables inhibiting migration were female sex, older age, and lower-level education. In conclusion, healthy young rural adults were more likely to migrate than their counterparts with symptoms of chronic morbidity, and the effect of chronic morbidity on subsequent migrations waned but not eliminated over time.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844024156782Self-rated healthChronic morbidityAcute morbidityYoung adultsGenderMatlab
spellingShingle Nurul Alam
M. Moinuddin Haider
Md Mahabubur Rahman
Mamun Ibn Bashar
Md Tazvir Amin
Katherine S. Wander
Do healthy people migrate more? A 21-year follow-up of a rural cohort in Bangladesh
Heliyon
Self-rated health
Chronic morbidity
Acute morbidity
Young adults
Gender
Matlab
title Do healthy people migrate more? A 21-year follow-up of a rural cohort in Bangladesh
title_full Do healthy people migrate more? A 21-year follow-up of a rural cohort in Bangladesh
title_fullStr Do healthy people migrate more? A 21-year follow-up of a rural cohort in Bangladesh
title_full_unstemmed Do healthy people migrate more? A 21-year follow-up of a rural cohort in Bangladesh
title_short Do healthy people migrate more? A 21-year follow-up of a rural cohort in Bangladesh
title_sort do healthy people migrate more a 21 year follow up of a rural cohort in bangladesh
topic Self-rated health
Chronic morbidity
Acute morbidity
Young adults
Gender
Matlab
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844024156782
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AT mdmahabuburrahman dohealthypeoplemigratemorea21yearfollowupofaruralcohortinbangladesh
AT mamunibnbashar dohealthypeoplemigratemorea21yearfollowupofaruralcohortinbangladesh
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