Neuroinflammation at the Dorsolateral Inferior Medulla: A Possible Central Nervous System Localization for POTS and Long COVID
Both postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) and Long COVID are currently viewed as heterogeneous disorders with complex, multi-factorial and multi-systemic pathophysiology. POTS, one of the most common autonomic disorders, is a frequent sequela of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Both POTS and autono...
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MDPI AG
2025-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13/1/166 |
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| author | Svetlana Blitshteyn |
| author_facet | Svetlana Blitshteyn |
| author_sort | Svetlana Blitshteyn |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Both postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) and Long COVID are currently viewed as heterogeneous disorders with complex, multi-factorial and multi-systemic pathophysiology. POTS, one of the most common autonomic disorders, is a frequent sequela of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Both POTS and autonomic dysfunction, in general, are major pathophysiologic mechanisms of Long COVID. There is emerging evidence that neuroinflammation of the brainstem may be one of the mechanisms of POTS and Long COVID. This commentary argues that neuroinflammation at the dorsolateral inferior medulla is a possible central nervous system localization for POTS and Long COVID based on the limited scientific literature available to date and the neurologic manifestations of both disorders. Further studies involving advanced neuroimaging techniques and animal models with immunohistochemical brainstem tissue assessments are needed to understand how and why possible neuroinflammation at the dorsolateral inferior medulla may occur in patients with Long COVID, POTS and other disorders involving autonomic dysfunction. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-57e5b025da7a49589d7ecd1638f44cc6 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2227-9059 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biomedicines |
| spelling | doaj-art-57e5b025da7a49589d7ecd1638f44cc62025-01-24T13:24:15ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592025-01-0113116610.3390/biomedicines13010166Neuroinflammation at the Dorsolateral Inferior Medulla: A Possible Central Nervous System Localization for POTS and Long COVIDSvetlana Blitshteyn0Department of Neurology, University of Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY 14203, USABoth postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) and Long COVID are currently viewed as heterogeneous disorders with complex, multi-factorial and multi-systemic pathophysiology. POTS, one of the most common autonomic disorders, is a frequent sequela of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Both POTS and autonomic dysfunction, in general, are major pathophysiologic mechanisms of Long COVID. There is emerging evidence that neuroinflammation of the brainstem may be one of the mechanisms of POTS and Long COVID. This commentary argues that neuroinflammation at the dorsolateral inferior medulla is a possible central nervous system localization for POTS and Long COVID based on the limited scientific literature available to date and the neurologic manifestations of both disorders. Further studies involving advanced neuroimaging techniques and animal models with immunohistochemical brainstem tissue assessments are needed to understand how and why possible neuroinflammation at the dorsolateral inferior medulla may occur in patients with Long COVID, POTS and other disorders involving autonomic dysfunction.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13/1/166long COVIDpostural orthostatic tachycardia syndromebrainstemmedullaneuroinflammation |
| spellingShingle | Svetlana Blitshteyn Neuroinflammation at the Dorsolateral Inferior Medulla: A Possible Central Nervous System Localization for POTS and Long COVID Biomedicines long COVID postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome brainstem medulla neuroinflammation |
| title | Neuroinflammation at the Dorsolateral Inferior Medulla: A Possible Central Nervous System Localization for POTS and Long COVID |
| title_full | Neuroinflammation at the Dorsolateral Inferior Medulla: A Possible Central Nervous System Localization for POTS and Long COVID |
| title_fullStr | Neuroinflammation at the Dorsolateral Inferior Medulla: A Possible Central Nervous System Localization for POTS and Long COVID |
| title_full_unstemmed | Neuroinflammation at the Dorsolateral Inferior Medulla: A Possible Central Nervous System Localization for POTS and Long COVID |
| title_short | Neuroinflammation at the Dorsolateral Inferior Medulla: A Possible Central Nervous System Localization for POTS and Long COVID |
| title_sort | neuroinflammation at the dorsolateral inferior medulla a possible central nervous system localization for pots and long covid |
| topic | long COVID postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome brainstem medulla neuroinflammation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13/1/166 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT svetlanablitshteyn neuroinflammationatthedorsolateralinferiormedullaapossiblecentralnervoussystemlocalizationforpotsandlongcovid |