Graphene nanomaterial-based electrochemical biosensors for salivary biomarker detection: A translational approach to oral cancer diagnostics
Graphene-based electrochemical biosensors have emerged as promising tools for the early detection and monitoring of oral cancer through salivary biomarker analysis. Graphene's exceptional properties, including high surface area, superior electrical conductivity, and excellent mechanical strengt...
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KeAi Communications Co., Ltd.
2025-12-01
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| Series: | Nano TransMed |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2790676025000044 |
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| author | D. Mahalakshmi J. Nandhini G. Meenaloshini E. Karthikeyan KK Karthik J. Sujaritha Vandhana, V C. Ragavendran |
| author_facet | D. Mahalakshmi J. Nandhini G. Meenaloshini E. Karthikeyan KK Karthik J. Sujaritha Vandhana, V C. Ragavendran |
| author_sort | D. Mahalakshmi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Graphene-based electrochemical biosensors have emerged as promising tools for the early detection and monitoring of oral cancer through salivary biomarker analysis. Graphene's exceptional properties, including high surface area, superior electrical conductivity, and excellent mechanical strength, enable the development of highly sensitive and specific biosensors. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current state-of-the-art in graphene-based electrochemical biosensors for salivary biomarker detection in oral cancer. We discuss the unique advantages of saliva as a diagnostic medium and highlight the key salivary biomarkers associated with oral cancer, including proteins, DNA, and RNA. Various electrochemical detection techniques, such as cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, field-effect transistors, amperometry, chronoamperometry, and photoelectrochemical methods, are explored in the context of graphene-based biosensors. The challenges associated with the development and clinical translation of these biosensors are also addressed, emphasizing the need for improved functionalization strategies, enhanced stability, and standardized validation protocols. Finally, we present a futuristic outlook on the integration of graphene-based biosensors with artificial intelligence, microfluidics, and telemedicine platforms to enable personalized diagnostics and treatment monitoring. With continued advancements in sensor technology and computational tools, graphene-based electrochemical biosensors have the potential to revolutionize oral cancer management, improving patient outcomes and quality of life. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-577e77e43dfb4672833840a3c0d80c0f |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2790-6760 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-12-01 |
| publisher | KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nano TransMed |
| spelling | doaj-art-577e77e43dfb4672833840a3c0d80c0f2025-01-31T05:12:50ZengKeAi Communications Co., Ltd.Nano TransMed2790-67602025-12-014100073Graphene nanomaterial-based electrochemical biosensors for salivary biomarker detection: A translational approach to oral cancer diagnosticsD. Mahalakshmi0J. Nandhini1G. Meenaloshini2E. Karthikeyan3KK Karthik4J. Sujaritha5 Vandhana, V6C. Ragavendran7Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Saveetha College of Pharmacy, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 602105, IndiaDepartment of Pharmaceutics, Saveetha College of Pharmacy, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 602105, India; Correspondence to: Department of Pharmaceutics, Saveetha College of Pharmacy, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 602105, India.Department of Pharmaceutics, Saveetha College of Pharmacy, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 602105, IndiaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Saveetha College of Pharmacy, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 602105, IndiaDepartment of Pharmacy Practice, Saveetha College of Pharmacy, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 602105, IndiaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Saveetha College of Pharmacy, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 602105, IndiaDepartment of Pharmacognosy, Saveetha College of Pharmacy, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 602105, IndiaDepartment of Cardiology, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, IndiaGraphene-based electrochemical biosensors have emerged as promising tools for the early detection and monitoring of oral cancer through salivary biomarker analysis. Graphene's exceptional properties, including high surface area, superior electrical conductivity, and excellent mechanical strength, enable the development of highly sensitive and specific biosensors. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current state-of-the-art in graphene-based electrochemical biosensors for salivary biomarker detection in oral cancer. We discuss the unique advantages of saliva as a diagnostic medium and highlight the key salivary biomarkers associated with oral cancer, including proteins, DNA, and RNA. Various electrochemical detection techniques, such as cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, field-effect transistors, amperometry, chronoamperometry, and photoelectrochemical methods, are explored in the context of graphene-based biosensors. The challenges associated with the development and clinical translation of these biosensors are also addressed, emphasizing the need for improved functionalization strategies, enhanced stability, and standardized validation protocols. Finally, we present a futuristic outlook on the integration of graphene-based biosensors with artificial intelligence, microfluidics, and telemedicine platforms to enable personalized diagnostics and treatment monitoring. With continued advancements in sensor technology and computational tools, graphene-based electrochemical biosensors have the potential to revolutionize oral cancer management, improving patient outcomes and quality of life.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2790676025000044GrapheneElectrochemical biosensorsOral cancerSalivary biomarkers and graphene oxide |
| spellingShingle | D. Mahalakshmi J. Nandhini G. Meenaloshini E. Karthikeyan KK Karthik J. Sujaritha Vandhana, V C. Ragavendran Graphene nanomaterial-based electrochemical biosensors for salivary biomarker detection: A translational approach to oral cancer diagnostics Nano TransMed Graphene Electrochemical biosensors Oral cancer Salivary biomarkers and graphene oxide |
| title | Graphene nanomaterial-based electrochemical biosensors for salivary biomarker detection: A translational approach to oral cancer diagnostics |
| title_full | Graphene nanomaterial-based electrochemical biosensors for salivary biomarker detection: A translational approach to oral cancer diagnostics |
| title_fullStr | Graphene nanomaterial-based electrochemical biosensors for salivary biomarker detection: A translational approach to oral cancer diagnostics |
| title_full_unstemmed | Graphene nanomaterial-based electrochemical biosensors for salivary biomarker detection: A translational approach to oral cancer diagnostics |
| title_short | Graphene nanomaterial-based electrochemical biosensors for salivary biomarker detection: A translational approach to oral cancer diagnostics |
| title_sort | graphene nanomaterial based electrochemical biosensors for salivary biomarker detection a translational approach to oral cancer diagnostics |
| topic | Graphene Electrochemical biosensors Oral cancer Salivary biomarkers and graphene oxide |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2790676025000044 |
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