Examining the landscape transformation and temperature dynamics in Pakistan
Abstract This study aims to examine the landscape transformation and temperature dynamics using multiple spectral indices. The processes of temporal fluctuations in the land surface temperature is strongly related to the morphological features of the area in which the temperature is determined, and...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Nature Portfolio
2025-01-01
|
| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-80323-3 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1832585843140722688 |
|---|---|
| author | Awais Ali Bilal Hussain Riaz Ul Hissan Khalid M. Al Aiban Magdalena Radulescu Cosimo Magazzino |
| author_facet | Awais Ali Bilal Hussain Riaz Ul Hissan Khalid M. Al Aiban Magdalena Radulescu Cosimo Magazzino |
| author_sort | Awais Ali |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract This study aims to examine the landscape transformation and temperature dynamics using multiple spectral indices. The processes of temporal fluctuations in the land surface temperature is strongly related to the morphological features of the area in which the temperature is determined, and the given factors significantly affect the thermal properties of the surface. This research is being conducted in Pakistan to identify the vegetation cover, water bodies, impervious surfaces, and land surface temperature using decadal remote sensing data with four intervals during 1993–2023 in the Mardan division, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. To analyze the landscape transformation and temperature dynamics, the study used spectral indices including Land Surface Temperature, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, Normalized Difference Water Index, Normalized Difference Built-up Index, and Normalized Difference Bareness Index by employing Google Earth Engine cloud computing platform. The results suggest that there are differences in the type of land surface temperature, ranging from 15.58 °C to 43.71 °C during the study period. Nevertheless, larger fluctuations in land surface temperature were found in the cover and protective forests of the study area, especially in the northwestern and southeastern parts of the system. These results highlighted the complexity of the relationship between land surface temperature and spectral indices regarding the need for spectral indices. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-576dfaa0905f4af586b978805ebdeb21 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-576dfaa0905f4af586b978805ebdeb212025-01-26T12:26:28ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-01-0115111610.1038/s41598-024-80323-3Examining the landscape transformation and temperature dynamics in PakistanAwais Ali0Bilal Hussain1Riaz Ul Hissan2Khalid M. Al Aiban3Magdalena Radulescu4Cosimo Magazzino5Department of Geography, Government Graduate College Gojra, Toba Tek SinghDepartment of Economics, Government College University FaisalabadDepartment of Geography, Government Graduate College Gojra, Toba Tek SinghDepartment of Public Administration, College of Business Administration, King Saud UniversityDepartment of Finance, Accounting and Economics, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica BucharestDepartment of Political Science, Roma Tre UniversityAbstract This study aims to examine the landscape transformation and temperature dynamics using multiple spectral indices. The processes of temporal fluctuations in the land surface temperature is strongly related to the morphological features of the area in which the temperature is determined, and the given factors significantly affect the thermal properties of the surface. This research is being conducted in Pakistan to identify the vegetation cover, water bodies, impervious surfaces, and land surface temperature using decadal remote sensing data with four intervals during 1993–2023 in the Mardan division, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. To analyze the landscape transformation and temperature dynamics, the study used spectral indices including Land Surface Temperature, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, Normalized Difference Water Index, Normalized Difference Built-up Index, and Normalized Difference Bareness Index by employing Google Earth Engine cloud computing platform. The results suggest that there are differences in the type of land surface temperature, ranging from 15.58 °C to 43.71 °C during the study period. Nevertheless, larger fluctuations in land surface temperature were found in the cover and protective forests of the study area, especially in the northwestern and southeastern parts of the system. These results highlighted the complexity of the relationship between land surface temperature and spectral indices regarding the need for spectral indices.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-80323-3Land surface temperatureLandscape transformationSpectral indicesGoogle Earth engineRemote sensingTemperature dynamics |
| spellingShingle | Awais Ali Bilal Hussain Riaz Ul Hissan Khalid M. Al Aiban Magdalena Radulescu Cosimo Magazzino Examining the landscape transformation and temperature dynamics in Pakistan Scientific Reports Land surface temperature Landscape transformation Spectral indices Google Earth engine Remote sensing Temperature dynamics |
| title | Examining the landscape transformation and temperature dynamics in Pakistan |
| title_full | Examining the landscape transformation and temperature dynamics in Pakistan |
| title_fullStr | Examining the landscape transformation and temperature dynamics in Pakistan |
| title_full_unstemmed | Examining the landscape transformation and temperature dynamics in Pakistan |
| title_short | Examining the landscape transformation and temperature dynamics in Pakistan |
| title_sort | examining the landscape transformation and temperature dynamics in pakistan |
| topic | Land surface temperature Landscape transformation Spectral indices Google Earth engine Remote sensing Temperature dynamics |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-80323-3 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT awaisali examiningthelandscapetransformationandtemperaturedynamicsinpakistan AT bilalhussain examiningthelandscapetransformationandtemperaturedynamicsinpakistan AT riazulhissan examiningthelandscapetransformationandtemperaturedynamicsinpakistan AT khalidmalaiban examiningthelandscapetransformationandtemperaturedynamicsinpakistan AT magdalenaradulescu examiningthelandscapetransformationandtemperaturedynamicsinpakistan AT cosimomagazzino examiningthelandscapetransformationandtemperaturedynamicsinpakistan |