Evolution of CpG-islands by means of tandem duplications
CG-rich islands (CpG-islands, or CGI) are important functional elements in a genome of vertebrates. In particular, they: a) initiate transcription as promoters in most (> 50 %) genes of vertebrates, in some cases bi-directional, due to self-complement feature of cg dinucleotides; b) form a gl...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Vavilov Society of Geneticists and Breeders
2017-02-01
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| Series: | Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции |
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| Online Access: | https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/854 |
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| author | V. N. Babenko Y. L. Orlov Zh. T. Isakova D. A. Antonov M. I. Voevoda |
| author_facet | V. N. Babenko Y. L. Orlov Zh. T. Isakova D. A. Antonov M. I. Voevoda |
| author_sort | V. N. Babenko |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | CG-rich islands (CpG-islands, or CGI) are important functional elements in a genome of vertebrates. In particular, they: a) initiate transcription as promoters in most (> 50 %) genes of vertebrates, in some cases bi-directional, due to self-complement feature of cg dinucleotides; b) form a global methylation landscape; c) act as a transcription “switch” via methylation. The degenerate nature of CpG-island (elevated CG composition) implies an increase in the probability of tandem repeats and palindromes within CpG- island. This work is devoted to the identification of tandem duplications of complete CpG-islands, i. e. considering mega monomers of size 400–5 000 bp, in the human genome. We found a range of inter- and intragenic tandem duplications of CpG-islands. Intergenic CpGi duplication mediates through CG-rich telomeric satellites, as well as elements of the SINE. One of the most pronounced tandems are located in chromosome 19, known for its abundance of segment duplications and gene expansion. We also underline the unique genomic segment, which is DXZ4 mega satellite, in q arm of chromosome X, also falling into the category of CpG-islands which evolved by tandem duplications rounds. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-56d14c70c30545efa0cad27d44289991 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2500-3259 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2017-02-01 |
| publisher | Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Vavilov Society of Geneticists and Breeders |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции |
| spelling | doaj-art-56d14c70c30545efa0cad27d442899912025-02-01T09:58:03ZengSiberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Vavilov Society of Geneticists and BreedersВавиловский журнал генетики и селекции2500-32592017-02-0120680481510.18699/VJ16.198544Evolution of CpG-islands by means of tandem duplicationsV. N. Babenko0Y. L. Orlov1Zh. T. Isakova2D. A. Antonov3M. I. Voevoda4Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS Novosibirsk State UniversityInstitute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS Novosibirsk State UniversityInstitute of Molecular Biology and Medicine at National Center of Cardiology and Therapy named after academician Mirsaid Mirrakhimov under the Ministry of Health of the Kyrgyz RepublicInstitute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine SB RASInstitute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine SB RAMSCG-rich islands (CpG-islands, or CGI) are important functional elements in a genome of vertebrates. In particular, they: a) initiate transcription as promoters in most (> 50 %) genes of vertebrates, in some cases bi-directional, due to self-complement feature of cg dinucleotides; b) form a global methylation landscape; c) act as a transcription “switch” via methylation. The degenerate nature of CpG-island (elevated CG composition) implies an increase in the probability of tandem repeats and palindromes within CpG- island. This work is devoted to the identification of tandem duplications of complete CpG-islands, i. e. considering mega monomers of size 400–5 000 bp, in the human genome. We found a range of inter- and intragenic tandem duplications of CpG-islands. Intergenic CpGi duplication mediates through CG-rich telomeric satellites, as well as elements of the SINE. One of the most pronounced tandems are located in chromosome 19, known for its abundance of segment duplications and gene expansion. We also underline the unique genomic segment, which is DXZ4 mega satellite, in q arm of chromosome X, also falling into the category of CpG-islands which evolved by tandem duplications rounds.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/854cpg-islandstandem repeatsmacrosatelliteshuman genomemethylationcpg-island clusters. |
| spellingShingle | V. N. Babenko Y. L. Orlov Zh. T. Isakova D. A. Antonov M. I. Voevoda Evolution of CpG-islands by means of tandem duplications Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции cpg-islands tandem repeats macrosatellites human genome methylation cpg-island clusters. |
| title | Evolution of CpG-islands by means of tandem duplications |
| title_full | Evolution of CpG-islands by means of tandem duplications |
| title_fullStr | Evolution of CpG-islands by means of tandem duplications |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evolution of CpG-islands by means of tandem duplications |
| title_short | Evolution of CpG-islands by means of tandem duplications |
| title_sort | evolution of cpg islands by means of tandem duplications |
| topic | cpg-islands tandem repeats macrosatellites human genome methylation cpg-island clusters. |
| url | https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/854 |
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