Risk of neonatal SARS-CoV-2 infection: a retrospective cohort study based on infected mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus
BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has posed unprecedented challenges to global public health, especially for pregnant women and their offspring. However, little is known about the impact of maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection on neonatal outcomes, particularly in the context of coexisting gestational diabet...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Endocrinology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2025.1483962/full |
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| author | Jing Ni Yongfei Zheng Jiaqi Tian Jiaqi Tian Jiaqi Tian Lin Zhang Lin Zhang Lin Zhang Shuyin Duan |
| author_facet | Jing Ni Yongfei Zheng Jiaqi Tian Jiaqi Tian Jiaqi Tian Lin Zhang Lin Zhang Lin Zhang Shuyin Duan |
| author_sort | Jing Ni |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has posed unprecedented challenges to global public health, especially for pregnant women and their offspring. However, little is known about the impact of maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection on neonatal outcomes, particularly in the context of coexisting gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).MethodsHospitalized pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 infection were retrospectively enrolled between November 2022 and January 2023, and matched with pregnant subjects free of SARS-CoV-2 infection based on their propensity scores. All women were tested for SARS-CoV-2 upon admission as part of routine procedures, then divided into groups of pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 infection and GDM (SARS2+GDM), pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 infection but without GDM (SARS2+noGDM), and pregnant women without SARS-CoV-2 infection or GDM (Normal group). A logistic regression model was used to study the risk of GDM, perinatal SARS-CoV-2 infection, and their interaction on neonatal SARS-CoV-2 infection.ResultsOf 378 pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 infection, the neonatal infection rate was higher in the GDM group as compared to the SARS-CoV-2 infection only group, but both SARS-CoV-2 infection rates were lower than that of the normal control group. Logistic regression analysis identified an interaction between maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection and GDM on neonatal infection, where maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection (odds ratio [OR] = 0.31, 95%CI: 0.22-0.44) and vaccination for anti-SARS-CoV-2 (OR = 0.70, 95%CI: 0.50-0.98) were associated with lower odds of neonatal infection, while higher pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) (OR = 1.06, 95% CI: 1.02-1.10) and GDM (OR = 1.97, 95%CI: 1.21-3.21) were associated with higher odds of neonatal infection.ConclusionsWe demonstrate that the coexistence of GDM and perinatal SARS-CoV-2 infection was associated with an increased probability of neonatal SARS-CoV-2 infection. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-56a85c52647e4770920340b7c7d7f8dd |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1664-2392 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Endocrinology |
| spelling | doaj-art-56a85c52647e4770920340b7c7d7f8dd2025-01-30T10:38:10ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Endocrinology1664-23922025-01-011610.3389/fendo.2025.14839621483962Risk of neonatal SARS-CoV-2 infection: a retrospective cohort study based on infected mothers with gestational diabetes mellitusJing Ni0Yongfei Zheng1Jiaqi Tian2Jiaqi Tian3Jiaqi Tian4Lin Zhang5Lin Zhang6Lin Zhang7Shuyin Duan8School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, ChinaSchool of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, ChinaClinical Medical Research Center for Women and Children Diseases, Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, ChinaShandong Provincial Key Medical and Health Laboratory of Women’s Occupational Exposure and Fertility Preservation, Jinan, ChinaJinan (Preparatory) Key Laboratory of Women’s Diseases and Fertility Preservation, Jinan, ChinaClinical Medical Research Center for Women and Children Diseases, Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, ChinaShandong Provincial Key Medical and Health Laboratory of Women’s Occupational Exposure and Fertility Preservation, Jinan, ChinaJinan (Preparatory) Key Laboratory of Women’s Diseases and Fertility Preservation, Jinan, ChinaSchool of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, ChinaBackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has posed unprecedented challenges to global public health, especially for pregnant women and their offspring. However, little is known about the impact of maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection on neonatal outcomes, particularly in the context of coexisting gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).MethodsHospitalized pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 infection were retrospectively enrolled between November 2022 and January 2023, and matched with pregnant subjects free of SARS-CoV-2 infection based on their propensity scores. All women were tested for SARS-CoV-2 upon admission as part of routine procedures, then divided into groups of pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 infection and GDM (SARS2+GDM), pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 infection but without GDM (SARS2+noGDM), and pregnant women without SARS-CoV-2 infection or GDM (Normal group). A logistic regression model was used to study the risk of GDM, perinatal SARS-CoV-2 infection, and their interaction on neonatal SARS-CoV-2 infection.ResultsOf 378 pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 infection, the neonatal infection rate was higher in the GDM group as compared to the SARS-CoV-2 infection only group, but both SARS-CoV-2 infection rates were lower than that of the normal control group. Logistic regression analysis identified an interaction between maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection and GDM on neonatal infection, where maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection (odds ratio [OR] = 0.31, 95%CI: 0.22-0.44) and vaccination for anti-SARS-CoV-2 (OR = 0.70, 95%CI: 0.50-0.98) were associated with lower odds of neonatal infection, while higher pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) (OR = 1.06, 95% CI: 1.02-1.10) and GDM (OR = 1.97, 95%CI: 1.21-3.21) were associated with higher odds of neonatal infection.ConclusionsWe demonstrate that the coexistence of GDM and perinatal SARS-CoV-2 infection was associated with an increased probability of neonatal SARS-CoV-2 infection.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2025.1483962/fullCOVID-19 pandemicinfectionpregnancygestational diabetes mellitusneonatal susceptibility |
| spellingShingle | Jing Ni Yongfei Zheng Jiaqi Tian Jiaqi Tian Jiaqi Tian Lin Zhang Lin Zhang Lin Zhang Shuyin Duan Risk of neonatal SARS-CoV-2 infection: a retrospective cohort study based on infected mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus Frontiers in Endocrinology COVID-19 pandemic infection pregnancy gestational diabetes mellitus neonatal susceptibility |
| title | Risk of neonatal SARS-CoV-2 infection: a retrospective cohort study based on infected mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus |
| title_full | Risk of neonatal SARS-CoV-2 infection: a retrospective cohort study based on infected mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus |
| title_fullStr | Risk of neonatal SARS-CoV-2 infection: a retrospective cohort study based on infected mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus |
| title_full_unstemmed | Risk of neonatal SARS-CoV-2 infection: a retrospective cohort study based on infected mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus |
| title_short | Risk of neonatal SARS-CoV-2 infection: a retrospective cohort study based on infected mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus |
| title_sort | risk of neonatal sars cov 2 infection a retrospective cohort study based on infected mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus |
| topic | COVID-19 pandemic infection pregnancy gestational diabetes mellitus neonatal susceptibility |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2025.1483962/full |
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