Capsular polysaccarides of probiotics and their immunomodulatory roles
Studies have determined the immunomodulatory activities of cell-surface polysaccharides of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and Bacteroides; however, the mechanisms, synthesis, regulation, structure, and functional links have not been systematically discussed. We first introduce the structure of the capsu...
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Tsinghua University Press
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Food Science and Human Wellness |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213453022000416 |
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| author | Jing Li Saisai Feng Leilei Yu Jianxin Zhao Fengwei Tian Wei Chen Qixiao Zhai |
| author_facet | Jing Li Saisai Feng Leilei Yu Jianxin Zhao Fengwei Tian Wei Chen Qixiao Zhai |
| author_sort | Jing Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Studies have determined the immunomodulatory activities of cell-surface polysaccharides of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and Bacteroides; however, the mechanisms, synthesis, regulation, structure, and functional links have not been systematically discussed. We first introduce the structure of the capsular polysaccharides (CPSs) of commonly studied probiotics and Bacteroides. Wzx-Wzy dependent and ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter-dependent pathways are the two main biosynthesis and secretion of CPS pathways. The genes known to be associated with these two pathways are mainly those associated with priming glycosyltransferase (pGT); a variable number of genes encoding for different glycosyl transferases (GTs); Wzx/Wzy-encoding enzymes related to flippases and polymerases; and ABC-transporter genes. In addition, the effects of CPSs on host immunity as well as their related underlying mechanisms are described. Surface polysaccharides on probiotics can serve as a mask to aid in their escape from attacks from the host’s immune system. In turn, they also exhibit immunomodulatory activities, such as strengthening the functions of macrophages, promoting the maturation of antigen-presenting cells, and inducing regulatory T cells. All of these effects of cell-surface polysaccharides exhibit their significant protective properties in immunocompromised diseases, such as colitis, arthritis, and dermatitis. Finally, we focused on their structure and functional links. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-560a8122f20847248e225f89d3ffd91a |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2213-4530 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | Tsinghua University Press |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Food Science and Human Wellness |
| spelling | doaj-art-560a8122f20847248e225f89d3ffd91a2025-02-03T05:38:22ZengTsinghua University PressFood Science and Human Wellness2213-45302022-09-0111511111120Capsular polysaccarides of probiotics and their immunomodulatory rolesJing Li0Saisai Feng1Leilei Yu2Jianxin Zhao3Fengwei Tian4Wei Chen5Qixiao Zhai6State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Corresponding author at: No. 1800, Lihu Avenue, Binhu District, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, ChinaStudies have determined the immunomodulatory activities of cell-surface polysaccharides of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and Bacteroides; however, the mechanisms, synthesis, regulation, structure, and functional links have not been systematically discussed. We first introduce the structure of the capsular polysaccharides (CPSs) of commonly studied probiotics and Bacteroides. Wzx-Wzy dependent and ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter-dependent pathways are the two main biosynthesis and secretion of CPS pathways. The genes known to be associated with these two pathways are mainly those associated with priming glycosyltransferase (pGT); a variable number of genes encoding for different glycosyl transferases (GTs); Wzx/Wzy-encoding enzymes related to flippases and polymerases; and ABC-transporter genes. In addition, the effects of CPSs on host immunity as well as their related underlying mechanisms are described. Surface polysaccharides on probiotics can serve as a mask to aid in their escape from attacks from the host’s immune system. In turn, they also exhibit immunomodulatory activities, such as strengthening the functions of macrophages, promoting the maturation of antigen-presenting cells, and inducing regulatory T cells. All of these effects of cell-surface polysaccharides exhibit their significant protective properties in immunocompromised diseases, such as colitis, arthritis, and dermatitis. Finally, we focused on their structure and functional links.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213453022000416Capsular polysaccharidesProbioticsBacteroidesImmunomodulation |
| spellingShingle | Jing Li Saisai Feng Leilei Yu Jianxin Zhao Fengwei Tian Wei Chen Qixiao Zhai Capsular polysaccarides of probiotics and their immunomodulatory roles Food Science and Human Wellness Capsular polysaccharides Probiotics Bacteroides Immunomodulation |
| title | Capsular polysaccarides of probiotics and their immunomodulatory roles |
| title_full | Capsular polysaccarides of probiotics and their immunomodulatory roles |
| title_fullStr | Capsular polysaccarides of probiotics and their immunomodulatory roles |
| title_full_unstemmed | Capsular polysaccarides of probiotics and their immunomodulatory roles |
| title_short | Capsular polysaccarides of probiotics and their immunomodulatory roles |
| title_sort | capsular polysaccarides of probiotics and their immunomodulatory roles |
| topic | Capsular polysaccharides Probiotics Bacteroides Immunomodulation |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213453022000416 |
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