Nutritional Support for Critically Ill Patients (Review)

Hospital mortality in critical illness has decreased over the last decade. At the same time, there has been an increase in the number of patients diagnosed with post-intensive care syndrome (PIT-syndrome) which reduces the life quality after discharge. One of the most important components preventing...

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Main Author: Igor N. Pasechnik
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, Moscow, Russia 2020-08-01
Series:Общая реаниматология
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Online Access:https://www.reanimatology.com/rmt/article/view/1936
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author Igor N. Pasechnik
author_facet Igor N. Pasechnik
author_sort Igor N. Pasechnik
collection DOAJ
description Hospital mortality in critical illness has decreased over the last decade. At the same time, there has been an increase in the number of patients diagnosed with post-intensive care syndrome (PIT-syndrome) which reduces the life quality after discharge. One of the most important components preventing the development of PIT syndrome is nutritional support.The aim of the review is to highlight the need for a differentiated approach to nutritional support of critically ill patients during their treatment and rehabilitation. Among more than 200 primary sources of literature from various databases (Scopus, Web of science, RINC, etc.), 82 sources mainly published in the last 5 years were selected for review. Earlier publications maintaining clinical relevance were also included into the analysis. The review presents data on real practice of nutritional support in critically ill patients. In most cases, the risk of nutritional deficiencies is not assessed before treatment, and protein and energy requirements are not fully met. The algorithm of nutritional support is provided based on the phases of critical illness.Conclusion. Contemporary approaches to the nutrient and energy provision to critically ill patients suggest the differentiated nutritive support prescription depending on the disease stage. The emphasis is made on gradual achievement of target values of protein and energy provision, priority of enteral administration of nutrients, continuity in nutritional support between departments, as well as hospital and outpatient treatment periods. This approach allows both optimization of medical care for this extremely challenging category of patients and a reduction in the severity and duration of the PIT syndrome.
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spelling doaj-art-55d5205e01c84056822eacba0740b6942025-08-20T03:35:07ZengFederal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, Moscow, RussiaОбщая реаниматология1813-97792411-71102020-08-01164405910.15360/1813-9779-2020-4-40-591748Nutritional Support for Critically Ill Patients (Review)Igor N. Pasechnik0Central State Medical Academy, RF President Affairs DepartmentHospital mortality in critical illness has decreased over the last decade. At the same time, there has been an increase in the number of patients diagnosed with post-intensive care syndrome (PIT-syndrome) which reduces the life quality after discharge. One of the most important components preventing the development of PIT syndrome is nutritional support.The aim of the review is to highlight the need for a differentiated approach to nutritional support of critically ill patients during their treatment and rehabilitation. Among more than 200 primary sources of literature from various databases (Scopus, Web of science, RINC, etc.), 82 sources mainly published in the last 5 years were selected for review. Earlier publications maintaining clinical relevance were also included into the analysis. The review presents data on real practice of nutritional support in critically ill patients. In most cases, the risk of nutritional deficiencies is not assessed before treatment, and protein and energy requirements are not fully met. The algorithm of nutritional support is provided based on the phases of critical illness.Conclusion. Contemporary approaches to the nutrient and energy provision to critically ill patients suggest the differentiated nutritive support prescription depending on the disease stage. The emphasis is made on gradual achievement of target values of protein and energy provision, priority of enteral administration of nutrients, continuity in nutritional support between departments, as well as hospital and outpatient treatment periods. This approach allows both optimization of medical care for this extremely challenging category of patients and a reduction in the severity and duration of the PIT syndrome.https://www.reanimatology.com/rmt/article/view/1936critical illnessnutritional supportpit syndrome
spellingShingle Igor N. Pasechnik
Nutritional Support for Critically Ill Patients (Review)
Общая реаниматология
critical illness
nutritional support
pit syndrome
title Nutritional Support for Critically Ill Patients (Review)
title_full Nutritional Support for Critically Ill Patients (Review)
title_fullStr Nutritional Support for Critically Ill Patients (Review)
title_full_unstemmed Nutritional Support for Critically Ill Patients (Review)
title_short Nutritional Support for Critically Ill Patients (Review)
title_sort nutritional support for critically ill patients review
topic critical illness
nutritional support
pit syndrome
url https://www.reanimatology.com/rmt/article/view/1936
work_keys_str_mv AT igornpasechnik nutritionalsupportforcriticallyillpatientsreview