Pheromones in Crane Flies: Behaviorally Active Cuticular Compounds in <i>Tipula autumnalis</i> Loew (Diptera: Tipulidae)
The pheromones of crane flies (Tipulidae), one of the largest families within the order Diptera (over 15,000 species), are unknown. The aim of our study was to identify the chemical compounds involved in communication in <i>Tipula autumnalis</i>, a representative species of the family. F...
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2024-12-01
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| author | Vincas Būda Violeta Apšegaitė Laima Blažytė-Čereškienė Sigitas Podėnas João Pedro de A. Souza Paulo H. G. Zarbin Linas Labanauskas Tomas Paškevičius Vilma Baužienė Sandra Radžiutė |
| author_facet | Vincas Būda Violeta Apšegaitė Laima Blažytė-Čereškienė Sigitas Podėnas João Pedro de A. Souza Paulo H. G. Zarbin Linas Labanauskas Tomas Paškevičius Vilma Baužienė Sandra Radžiutė |
| author_sort | Vincas Būda |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The pheromones of crane flies (Tipulidae), one of the largest families within the order Diptera (over 15,000 species), are unknown. The aim of our study was to identify the chemical compounds involved in communication in <i>Tipula autumnalis</i>, a representative species of the family. Female cuticular washes were found to be attractive to males in a bioassay. GC-EAD analysis revealed nine EAG-active compounds, which were identified as cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs). Both males and females contained these CHCs, though in different ratios. The strongest antennal responses in male <i>T. autumnalis</i> were evoked by <i>n</i>-pentacosane, (<i>Z</i>)-9-pentacosene, and (<i>Z</i>, <i>E</i>)-6,9-pentacosadiene, which were the predominant components in females. Each of these compounds were attractive to males in the behavioral assay and are therefore attributed to the female sex pheromone of <i>T. autumnalis</i>. (<i>Z</i>)-9-tricosene and (<i>R</i>)-3-methylheneicosane elicited both EAG and behavioral responses in males and were abundant in washes from same-sex individuals. In addition to the compounds involved in female–male interactions, it is evident that <i>T. autumnalis</i> also employs CHCs in male–male interactions. The exact roles of some compounds remain undetermined. Among the semiochemicals, the established stereostructure of (<i>Z</i>, <i>E</i>)-6,9-pentacosadiene and the olfactory/behavioral effects of (<i>R</i>)- and (<i>S</i>)-3-methylheneicosane were novel findings in insects. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-555a05d20b434e23af0d4519d181530d |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2075-4450 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
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| series | Insects |
| spelling | doaj-art-555a05d20b434e23af0d4519d181530d2025-01-24T13:35:37ZengMDPI AGInsects2075-44502024-12-011612410.3390/insects16010024Pheromones in Crane Flies: Behaviorally Active Cuticular Compounds in <i>Tipula autumnalis</i> Loew (Diptera: Tipulidae)Vincas Būda0Violeta Apšegaitė1Laima Blažytė-Čereškienė2Sigitas Podėnas3João Pedro de A. Souza4Paulo H. G. Zarbin5Linas Labanauskas6Tomas Paškevičius7Vilma Baužienė8Sandra Radžiutė9Nature Research Centre, Akademijos St. 2, LT-08412 Vilnius, LithuaniaNature Research Centre, Akademijos St. 2, LT-08412 Vilnius, LithuaniaNature Research Centre, Akademijos St. 2, LT-08412 Vilnius, LithuaniaNature Research Centre, Akademijos St. 2, LT-08412 Vilnius, LithuaniaDepartamento de Quimica, Laboratorio de Semioquimicos, Universidade Federal do Paranȧ, Curitiba 81531-990, PR, BrazilDepartamento de Quimica, Laboratorio de Semioquimicos, Universidade Federal do Paranȧ, Curitiba 81531-990, PR, BrazilDepartment of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Sauletekio Av. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, LithuaniaDepartment of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Sauletekio Av. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, LithuaniaNature Research Centre, Akademijos St. 2, LT-08412 Vilnius, LithuaniaNature Research Centre, Akademijos St. 2, LT-08412 Vilnius, LithuaniaThe pheromones of crane flies (Tipulidae), one of the largest families within the order Diptera (over 15,000 species), are unknown. The aim of our study was to identify the chemical compounds involved in communication in <i>Tipula autumnalis</i>, a representative species of the family. Female cuticular washes were found to be attractive to males in a bioassay. GC-EAD analysis revealed nine EAG-active compounds, which were identified as cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs). Both males and females contained these CHCs, though in different ratios. The strongest antennal responses in male <i>T. autumnalis</i> were evoked by <i>n</i>-pentacosane, (<i>Z</i>)-9-pentacosene, and (<i>Z</i>, <i>E</i>)-6,9-pentacosadiene, which were the predominant components in females. Each of these compounds were attractive to males in the behavioral assay and are therefore attributed to the female sex pheromone of <i>T. autumnalis</i>. (<i>Z</i>)-9-tricosene and (<i>R</i>)-3-methylheneicosane elicited both EAG and behavioral responses in males and were abundant in washes from same-sex individuals. In addition to the compounds involved in female–male interactions, it is evident that <i>T. autumnalis</i> also employs CHCs in male–male interactions. The exact roles of some compounds remain undetermined. Among the semiochemicals, the established stereostructure of (<i>Z</i>, <i>E</i>)-6,9-pentacosadiene and the olfactory/behavioral effects of (<i>R</i>)- and (<i>S</i>)-3-methylheneicosane were novel findings in insects.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/16/1/24cuticular hydrocarbonsolfactory responseGC-EADsex pheromonemate recognition |
| spellingShingle | Vincas Būda Violeta Apšegaitė Laima Blažytė-Čereškienė Sigitas Podėnas João Pedro de A. Souza Paulo H. G. Zarbin Linas Labanauskas Tomas Paškevičius Vilma Baužienė Sandra Radžiutė Pheromones in Crane Flies: Behaviorally Active Cuticular Compounds in <i>Tipula autumnalis</i> Loew (Diptera: Tipulidae) Insects cuticular hydrocarbons olfactory response GC-EAD sex pheromone mate recognition |
| title | Pheromones in Crane Flies: Behaviorally Active Cuticular Compounds in <i>Tipula autumnalis</i> Loew (Diptera: Tipulidae) |
| title_full | Pheromones in Crane Flies: Behaviorally Active Cuticular Compounds in <i>Tipula autumnalis</i> Loew (Diptera: Tipulidae) |
| title_fullStr | Pheromones in Crane Flies: Behaviorally Active Cuticular Compounds in <i>Tipula autumnalis</i> Loew (Diptera: Tipulidae) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Pheromones in Crane Flies: Behaviorally Active Cuticular Compounds in <i>Tipula autumnalis</i> Loew (Diptera: Tipulidae) |
| title_short | Pheromones in Crane Flies: Behaviorally Active Cuticular Compounds in <i>Tipula autumnalis</i> Loew (Diptera: Tipulidae) |
| title_sort | pheromones in crane flies behaviorally active cuticular compounds in i tipula autumnalis i loew diptera tipulidae |
| topic | cuticular hydrocarbons olfactory response GC-EAD sex pheromone mate recognition |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/16/1/24 |
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