A Review on Sheet Metal Forming Behavior in High-Strength Steels and the Use of Numerical Simulations
High-strength steels such as Dual Phase (DP), Transformation-Induced Plasticity (TRIP), and Twinning-Induced Plasticity (TWIP) steels have gained importance in automotive applications due to the potential for weight reduction and increased performance in crash tests. However, as resistance increases...
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MDPI AG
2024-12-01
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| author | Luis Fernando Folle Tiago Nunes Lima Matheus Passos Sarmento Santos Bruna Callegari Bruno Caetano dos Santos Silva Luiz Gustavo Souza Zamorano Rodrigo Santiago Coelho |
| author_facet | Luis Fernando Folle Tiago Nunes Lima Matheus Passos Sarmento Santos Bruna Callegari Bruno Caetano dos Santos Silva Luiz Gustavo Souza Zamorano Rodrigo Santiago Coelho |
| author_sort | Luis Fernando Folle |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | High-strength steels such as Dual Phase (DP), Transformation-Induced Plasticity (TRIP), and Twinning-Induced Plasticity (TWIP) steels have gained importance in automotive applications due to the potential for weight reduction and increased performance in crash tests. However, as resistance increases, there is also an increase in springback due to residual stresses after the forming process. This is mainly because of the greater elastic region of these materials and other factors associated with strain hardening, such as the Bauschinger effect, that brings theory of kinematic hardening to mathematical modeling. This means that finite element software must consider these properties so that the simulation can accurately predict the behavior. Currently, this knowledge is still not widespread since it has never been used in conventional materials. Additionally, engineers and researchers use the Forming Limit Diagram (FLD) curve in their studies. However, it does not fully represent the actual failure limit of materials, especially in high-strength materials. Based on this, the Fracture Forming Limit Diagram (FFLD) curve has emerged, which proposes to resolve these limitations. Thus, this review aims to focus on how finite element methods consider all these factors in their modeling, especially when it comes to the responses of high-strength steels. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-55152a42cf2742b99c14f31cbaf373ca |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2075-4701 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Metals |
| spelling | doaj-art-55152a42cf2742b99c14f31cbaf373ca2025-08-20T02:56:50ZengMDPI AGMetals2075-47012024-12-011412142810.3390/met14121428A Review on Sheet Metal Forming Behavior in High-Strength Steels and the Use of Numerical SimulationsLuis Fernando Folle0Tiago Nunes Lima1Matheus Passos Sarmento Santos2Bruna Callegari3Bruno Caetano dos Santos Silva4Luiz Gustavo Souza Zamorano5Rodrigo Santiago Coelho6SENAI CIMATEC, Senai Institute of Innovation for Forming and Joining of Materials (CIMATEC ISI C&UM), Av. Orlando Gomes, 1845, Salvador 41650-010, BrazilSENAI CIMATEC, Senai Institute of Innovation for Forming and Joining of Materials (CIMATEC ISI C&UM), Av. Orlando Gomes, 1845, Salvador 41650-010, BrazilSENAI CIMATEC, Senai Institute of Innovation for Forming and Joining of Materials (CIMATEC ISI C&UM), Av. Orlando Gomes, 1845, Salvador 41650-010, BrazilSENAI CIMATEC, Senai Institute of Innovation for Forming and Joining of Materials (CIMATEC ISI C&UM), Av. Orlando Gomes, 1845, Salvador 41650-010, BrazilSENAI CIMATEC, Senai Institute of Innovation for Forming and Joining of Materials (CIMATEC ISI C&UM), Av. Orlando Gomes, 1845, Salvador 41650-010, BrazilFord Motor Company, Camaçari 42810-440, BrazilSENAI CIMATEC, Senai Institute of Innovation for Forming and Joining of Materials (CIMATEC ISI C&UM), Av. Orlando Gomes, 1845, Salvador 41650-010, BrazilHigh-strength steels such as Dual Phase (DP), Transformation-Induced Plasticity (TRIP), and Twinning-Induced Plasticity (TWIP) steels have gained importance in automotive applications due to the potential for weight reduction and increased performance in crash tests. However, as resistance increases, there is also an increase in springback due to residual stresses after the forming process. This is mainly because of the greater elastic region of these materials and other factors associated with strain hardening, such as the Bauschinger effect, that brings theory of kinematic hardening to mathematical modeling. This means that finite element software must consider these properties so that the simulation can accurately predict the behavior. Currently, this knowledge is still not widespread since it has never been used in conventional materials. Additionally, engineers and researchers use the Forming Limit Diagram (FLD) curve in their studies. However, it does not fully represent the actual failure limit of materials, especially in high-strength materials. Based on this, the Fracture Forming Limit Diagram (FFLD) curve has emerged, which proposes to resolve these limitations. Thus, this review aims to focus on how finite element methods consider all these factors in their modeling, especially when it comes to the responses of high-strength steels.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/14/12/1428finite element simulationductile fracturespringbackhigh-strength steelssheet metal forming |
| spellingShingle | Luis Fernando Folle Tiago Nunes Lima Matheus Passos Sarmento Santos Bruna Callegari Bruno Caetano dos Santos Silva Luiz Gustavo Souza Zamorano Rodrigo Santiago Coelho A Review on Sheet Metal Forming Behavior in High-Strength Steels and the Use of Numerical Simulations Metals finite element simulation ductile fracture springback high-strength steels sheet metal forming |
| title | A Review on Sheet Metal Forming Behavior in High-Strength Steels and the Use of Numerical Simulations |
| title_full | A Review on Sheet Metal Forming Behavior in High-Strength Steels and the Use of Numerical Simulations |
| title_fullStr | A Review on Sheet Metal Forming Behavior in High-Strength Steels and the Use of Numerical Simulations |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Review on Sheet Metal Forming Behavior in High-Strength Steels and the Use of Numerical Simulations |
| title_short | A Review on Sheet Metal Forming Behavior in High-Strength Steels and the Use of Numerical Simulations |
| title_sort | review on sheet metal forming behavior in high strength steels and the use of numerical simulations |
| topic | finite element simulation ductile fracture springback high-strength steels sheet metal forming |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/14/12/1428 |
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