Autonomous inverse encoding guides 4D nanoprinting for highly programmable shape morphing

Highly programmable shape morphing of 4D-printed micro/nanostructures is urgently desired for applications in robotics and intelligent systems. However, due to the lack of autonomous holistic strategies throughout the target shape input, optimal material distribution generation, and fabrication prog...

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Main Authors: Shuaiqi Ren, Zhiang Zhang, Ruokun He, Jiahao Fan, Guangming Wang, Hesheng Wang, Bing Han, Yong-Lai Zhang, Zhuo-Chen Ma
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IOP Publishing 2025-01-01
Series:International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1088/2631-7990/ada839
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author Shuaiqi Ren
Zhiang Zhang
Ruokun He
Jiahao Fan
Guangming Wang
Hesheng Wang
Bing Han
Yong-Lai Zhang
Zhuo-Chen Ma
author_facet Shuaiqi Ren
Zhiang Zhang
Ruokun He
Jiahao Fan
Guangming Wang
Hesheng Wang
Bing Han
Yong-Lai Zhang
Zhuo-Chen Ma
author_sort Shuaiqi Ren
collection DOAJ
description Highly programmable shape morphing of 4D-printed micro/nanostructures is urgently desired for applications in robotics and intelligent systems. However, due to the lack of autonomous holistic strategies throughout the target shape input, optimal material distribution generation, and fabrication program output, 4D nanoprinting that permits arbitrary shape morphing remains a challenging task for manual design. In this study, we report an autonomous inverse encoding strategy to decipher the genetic code for material property distributions that can guide the encoded modeling toward arbitrarily pre-programmed 4D shape morphing. By tuning the laser power of each voxel at the nanoscale, the genetic code can be spatially programmed and controllable shape morphing can be realized through the inverse encoding process. Using this strategy, the 4D-printed structures can be designed and accurately shift to the target morphing of arbitrarily hand-drawn lines under stimulation. Furthermore, as a proof-of-concept, a flexible fiber micromanipulator that can approach the target region through pre-programmed shape morphing is autonomously inversely encoded according to the localized spatial environment. This strategy may contribute to the modeling and arbitrary shape morphing of micro/nanostructures fabricated via 4D nanoprinting, leading to cutting-edge applications in microfluidics, micro-robotics, minimally invasive robotic surgery, and tissue engineering.
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issn 2631-7990
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series International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing
spelling doaj-art-54f823acbaa34b688da51ac44c8871d82025-01-28T12:15:53ZengIOP PublishingInternational Journal of Extreme Manufacturing2631-79902025-01-017303550210.1088/2631-7990/ada839Autonomous inverse encoding guides 4D nanoprinting for highly programmable shape morphingShuaiqi Ren0Zhiang Zhang1Ruokun He2Jiahao Fan3Guangming Wang4Hesheng Wang5Bing Han6Yong-Lai Zhang7https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4282-250XZhuo-Chen Ma8https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0207-6039Department of Automation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China; Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing Ministry of Education of China , Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Control and Management , Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of ChinaDepartment of Automation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China; Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing Ministry of Education of China , Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Control and Management , Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of ChinaDepartment of Automation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China; Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing Ministry of Education of China , Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Control and Management , Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of ChinaDepartment of Automation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China; Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing Ministry of Education of China , Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Control and Management , Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of ChinaDepartment of Engineering, University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB2 1PZ, United KingdomDepartment of Automation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China; Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing Ministry of Education of China , Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Control and Management , Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of ChinaInstitute of Medical Robotics, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of ChinaState Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University , Changchun 130012, People’s Republic of ChinaDepartment of Automation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China; Institute of Medical Robotics, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China; Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing Ministry of Education of China , Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Control and Management , Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of ChinaHighly programmable shape morphing of 4D-printed micro/nanostructures is urgently desired for applications in robotics and intelligent systems. However, due to the lack of autonomous holistic strategies throughout the target shape input, optimal material distribution generation, and fabrication program output, 4D nanoprinting that permits arbitrary shape morphing remains a challenging task for manual design. In this study, we report an autonomous inverse encoding strategy to decipher the genetic code for material property distributions that can guide the encoded modeling toward arbitrarily pre-programmed 4D shape morphing. By tuning the laser power of each voxel at the nanoscale, the genetic code can be spatially programmed and controllable shape morphing can be realized through the inverse encoding process. Using this strategy, the 4D-printed structures can be designed and accurately shift to the target morphing of arbitrarily hand-drawn lines under stimulation. Furthermore, as a proof-of-concept, a flexible fiber micromanipulator that can approach the target region through pre-programmed shape morphing is autonomously inversely encoded according to the localized spatial environment. This strategy may contribute to the modeling and arbitrary shape morphing of micro/nanostructures fabricated via 4D nanoprinting, leading to cutting-edge applications in microfluidics, micro-robotics, minimally invasive robotic surgery, and tissue engineering.https://doi.org/10.1088/2631-7990/ada839femtosecond laser fabrication4D printingtwo-photon polymerizationautonomous inverse encodingstimuli-responsive materials
spellingShingle Shuaiqi Ren
Zhiang Zhang
Ruokun He
Jiahao Fan
Guangming Wang
Hesheng Wang
Bing Han
Yong-Lai Zhang
Zhuo-Chen Ma
Autonomous inverse encoding guides 4D nanoprinting for highly programmable shape morphing
International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing
femtosecond laser fabrication
4D printing
two-photon polymerization
autonomous inverse encoding
stimuli-responsive materials
title Autonomous inverse encoding guides 4D nanoprinting for highly programmable shape morphing
title_full Autonomous inverse encoding guides 4D nanoprinting for highly programmable shape morphing
title_fullStr Autonomous inverse encoding guides 4D nanoprinting for highly programmable shape morphing
title_full_unstemmed Autonomous inverse encoding guides 4D nanoprinting for highly programmable shape morphing
title_short Autonomous inverse encoding guides 4D nanoprinting for highly programmable shape morphing
title_sort autonomous inverse encoding guides 4d nanoprinting for highly programmable shape morphing
topic femtosecond laser fabrication
4D printing
two-photon polymerization
autonomous inverse encoding
stimuli-responsive materials
url https://doi.org/10.1088/2631-7990/ada839
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