ZnO Nanoparticles by Hydrothermal Method: Synthesis and Characterization
The synthesis of reliable, cost-effective, and eco-friendly ZnO piezoelectric nanoparticles (NPs) can contribute to nanotechnology applications in electronics, sensors, and energy harvesting. Herein, ZnO NPs were synthesized using a hydrothermal method under varied reaction times and adding ammonium...
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MDPI AG
2025-01-01
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| author | Juan Carlos Anaya-Zavaleta Antonio Serguei Ledezma-Pérez Carlos Gallardo-Vega Joelis Rodríguez-Hernández Carmen Natividad Alvarado-Canché Perla Elvia García-Casillas Arxel de León Agustín Leobardo Herrera-May |
| author_facet | Juan Carlos Anaya-Zavaleta Antonio Serguei Ledezma-Pérez Carlos Gallardo-Vega Joelis Rodríguez-Hernández Carmen Natividad Alvarado-Canché Perla Elvia García-Casillas Arxel de León Agustín Leobardo Herrera-May |
| author_sort | Juan Carlos Anaya-Zavaleta |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The synthesis of reliable, cost-effective, and eco-friendly ZnO piezoelectric nanoparticles (NPs) can contribute to nanotechnology applications in electronics, sensors, and energy harvesting. Herein, ZnO NPs were synthesized using a hydrothermal method under varied reaction times and adding ammonium hydroxide, which provided an advantage of a low-cost, scalable, low-temperature, and environmentally friendly process. Characterization through UV–Vis spectroscopy revealed absorption peaks between 374 and 397 nm, showing a blue shift compared to bulk ZnO (400 nm) attributable to nanoscale dimensions. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) analysis indicated particle dimensions with length and width ranges from 150 to 341 nm and from 83 to 120 nm, respectively. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed high-crystalline quality, with crystallite sizes calculated using the Scherrer equation. In addition, the effective mass model provided an estimated band gap that matched with the reported data. Also, the lattice parameters, interplanar distances, and Zn-O bond lengths were consistent with Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standards (JCPDS). Finally, a ZnO NP film was deposited on a steel substrate, which generated a displacement of 150 nm under a square wave voltage of 10 V. The piezoelectric behavior of the synthesized ZnO NPs can be useful for fabrication of piezoelectric nanogenerators. The proposed synthesis can allow ZnO NPs with potential application in electronic devices, energy harvesters, and transducers. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Technologies |
| spelling | doaj-art-5485b958871744f9bcdb9edabe3751712025-01-24T13:50:45ZengMDPI AGTechnologies2227-70802025-01-011311810.3390/technologies13010018ZnO Nanoparticles by Hydrothermal Method: Synthesis and CharacterizationJuan Carlos Anaya-Zavaleta0Antonio Serguei Ledezma-Pérez1Carlos Gallardo-Vega2Joelis Rodríguez-Hernández3Carmen Natividad Alvarado-Canché4Perla Elvia García-Casillas5Arxel de León6Agustín Leobardo Herrera-May7Micro and Nanotechnology Research Center, Universidad Veracruzana, Boca del Río 94294, Veracruz, MexicoCentro de Investigación en Química Aplicada, Saltillo 25294, Coahuila, MexicoCentro de Investigación en Química Aplicada, Saltillo 25294, Coahuila, MexicoCentro de Investigación en Química Aplicada, Saltillo 25294, Coahuila, MexicoCentro de Investigación en Química Aplicada, Saltillo 25294, Coahuila, MexicoCentro de Investigación en Química Aplicada, Saltillo 25294, Coahuila, MexicoCONAHCYT-Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada, Saltillo 25294, Coahuila, MexicoMicro and Nanotechnology Research Center, Universidad Veracruzana, Boca del Río 94294, Veracruz, MexicoThe synthesis of reliable, cost-effective, and eco-friendly ZnO piezoelectric nanoparticles (NPs) can contribute to nanotechnology applications in electronics, sensors, and energy harvesting. Herein, ZnO NPs were synthesized using a hydrothermal method under varied reaction times and adding ammonium hydroxide, which provided an advantage of a low-cost, scalable, low-temperature, and environmentally friendly process. Characterization through UV–Vis spectroscopy revealed absorption peaks between 374 and 397 nm, showing a blue shift compared to bulk ZnO (400 nm) attributable to nanoscale dimensions. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) analysis indicated particle dimensions with length and width ranges from 150 to 341 nm and from 83 to 120 nm, respectively. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed high-crystalline quality, with crystallite sizes calculated using the Scherrer equation. In addition, the effective mass model provided an estimated band gap that matched with the reported data. Also, the lattice parameters, interplanar distances, and Zn-O bond lengths were consistent with Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standards (JCPDS). Finally, a ZnO NP film was deposited on a steel substrate, which generated a displacement of 150 nm under a square wave voltage of 10 V. The piezoelectric behavior of the synthesized ZnO NPs can be useful for fabrication of piezoelectric nanogenerators. The proposed synthesis can allow ZnO NPs with potential application in electronic devices, energy harvesters, and transducers.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7080/13/1/18nanoparticles synthesisenergy harvestershydrothermal methodpiezoelectric nanogeneratorsZnO nanoparticles |
| spellingShingle | Juan Carlos Anaya-Zavaleta Antonio Serguei Ledezma-Pérez Carlos Gallardo-Vega Joelis Rodríguez-Hernández Carmen Natividad Alvarado-Canché Perla Elvia García-Casillas Arxel de León Agustín Leobardo Herrera-May ZnO Nanoparticles by Hydrothermal Method: Synthesis and Characterization Technologies nanoparticles synthesis energy harvesters hydrothermal method piezoelectric nanogenerators ZnO nanoparticles |
| title | ZnO Nanoparticles by Hydrothermal Method: Synthesis and Characterization |
| title_full | ZnO Nanoparticles by Hydrothermal Method: Synthesis and Characterization |
| title_fullStr | ZnO Nanoparticles by Hydrothermal Method: Synthesis and Characterization |
| title_full_unstemmed | ZnO Nanoparticles by Hydrothermal Method: Synthesis and Characterization |
| title_short | ZnO Nanoparticles by Hydrothermal Method: Synthesis and Characterization |
| title_sort | zno nanoparticles by hydrothermal method synthesis and characterization |
| topic | nanoparticles synthesis energy harvesters hydrothermal method piezoelectric nanogenerators ZnO nanoparticles |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7080/13/1/18 |
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