Serological Diagnosis of <i>Brucella</i> Infection in Cetaceans by Rapid Serum Agglutination Test and Competitive ELISA with <i>Brucella abortus</i> and <i>Brucella ceti</i> as Antigens
Rose Bengal antigen and smooth lipopolysaccharide (s-LPS) were produced from a field strain of <i>Brucella ceti</i> (“homologous” antigens) and from the reference strain <i>B. abortus</i> S99 (“heterologous” antigens); they are currently used for the diagnosis of brucellosis...
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2025-01-01
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| author | Tiziana Di Febo Gabriella Di Francesco Carla Grattarola Luigina Sonsini Ludovica Di Renzo Giuseppe Lucifora Roberto Puleio Cristina Esmeralda Di Francesco Camilla Smoglica Giovanni Di Guardo Manuela Tittarelli |
| author_facet | Tiziana Di Febo Gabriella Di Francesco Carla Grattarola Luigina Sonsini Ludovica Di Renzo Giuseppe Lucifora Roberto Puleio Cristina Esmeralda Di Francesco Camilla Smoglica Giovanni Di Guardo Manuela Tittarelli |
| author_sort | Tiziana Di Febo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Rose Bengal antigen and smooth lipopolysaccharide (s-LPS) were produced from a field strain of <i>Brucella ceti</i> (“homologous” antigens) and from the reference strain <i>B. abortus</i> S99 (“heterologous” antigens); they are currently used for the diagnosis of brucellosis in cattle, water buffaloes, sheep, goats, and pigs, as recommended in the Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals of the World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH). “Homologous” and “heterologous” antigens were used in a rapid serum agglutination test (Rose Bengal test, RBT) and a competitive ELISA assay (c-ELISA) to test a panel of sera, blood, and other body fluids (cerebrospinal fluid, pericardial fluid, tracheal fluid, and aqueous humor) collected from 71 individuals belonging to five cetacean species (<i>Stenella coeruleoalba</i>; <i>Tursiops truncatus</i>; <i>Grampus griseus</i>; <i>Globicephala melas</i>; and <i>Ziphius cavirostris</i>), which were found stranded on the Italian coastline. Six animals were positive for <i>Brucella</i> spp. for bacterial isolation and/or PCR, and 55 animals were negative; for the remaining 10 animals, no PCR/isolation data were available. A total of 90 samples were tested. Results obtained from the two tests were compared in order to identify the most suitable antigen for the serological diagnosis of <i>Brucella</i> infection in cetaceans. The RBT performed with the “homologous” antigen showed the best results in comparison with the “heterologous” antigen: diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 80.0%, 44.1%, and 46.9% for the “homologous” antigen and 80.0%, 17.0%, and 21.9% for the “heterologous” antigen. For the c-ELISA, “homologous” and “heterologous” s-LPS showed similar results (diagnostic sensitivity 66.7%, diagnostic specificity 97.3%, and diagnostic accuracy 95.0%). Therefore, the RBT using the “homologous” antigen and c-ELISA with “homologous” or “heterologous” s-LPS could be used in parallel for the detection of antibodies against <i>Brucella</i> spp. in cetaceans. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-547145911d39426897cc4ef1ebde3092 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2076-0817 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-547145911d39426897cc4ef1ebde30922025-01-24T13:44:38ZengMDPI AGPathogens2076-08172025-01-011412610.3390/pathogens14010026Serological Diagnosis of <i>Brucella</i> Infection in Cetaceans by Rapid Serum Agglutination Test and Competitive ELISA with <i>Brucella abortus</i> and <i>Brucella ceti</i> as AntigensTiziana Di Febo0Gabriella Di Francesco1Carla Grattarola2Luigina Sonsini3Ludovica Di Renzo4Giuseppe Lucifora5Roberto Puleio6Cristina Esmeralda Di Francesco7Camilla Smoglica8Giovanni Di Guardo9Manuela Tittarelli10Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise ‘G. Caporale’, National Reference Center for Brucellosis, 64100 Teramo, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise ‘G. Caporale’, National Reference Center for Brucellosis, 64100 Teramo, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, National Reference Center for Diagnostic Investigations in Stranded Marine Mammals (C.Re.Di.Ma.), 10154 Torino, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise ‘G. Caporale’, National Reference Center for Brucellosis, 64100 Teramo, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise ‘G. Caporale’, National Reference Center for Brucellosis, 64100 Teramo, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Portici, 80055 Napoli, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, 90129 Palermo, ItalyVeterinary Medical Faculty, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, ItalyVeterinary Medical Faculty, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, ItalyVeterinary Medical Faculty, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise ‘G. Caporale’, National Reference Center for Brucellosis, 64100 Teramo, ItalyRose Bengal antigen and smooth lipopolysaccharide (s-LPS) were produced from a field strain of <i>Brucella ceti</i> (“homologous” antigens) and from the reference strain <i>B. abortus</i> S99 (“heterologous” antigens); they are currently used for the diagnosis of brucellosis in cattle, water buffaloes, sheep, goats, and pigs, as recommended in the Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals of the World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH). “Homologous” and “heterologous” antigens were used in a rapid serum agglutination test (Rose Bengal test, RBT) and a competitive ELISA assay (c-ELISA) to test a panel of sera, blood, and other body fluids (cerebrospinal fluid, pericardial fluid, tracheal fluid, and aqueous humor) collected from 71 individuals belonging to five cetacean species (<i>Stenella coeruleoalba</i>; <i>Tursiops truncatus</i>; <i>Grampus griseus</i>; <i>Globicephala melas</i>; and <i>Ziphius cavirostris</i>), which were found stranded on the Italian coastline. Six animals were positive for <i>Brucella</i> spp. for bacterial isolation and/or PCR, and 55 animals were negative; for the remaining 10 animals, no PCR/isolation data were available. A total of 90 samples were tested. Results obtained from the two tests were compared in order to identify the most suitable antigen for the serological diagnosis of <i>Brucella</i> infection in cetaceans. The RBT performed with the “homologous” antigen showed the best results in comparison with the “heterologous” antigen: diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 80.0%, 44.1%, and 46.9% for the “homologous” antigen and 80.0%, 17.0%, and 21.9% for the “heterologous” antigen. For the c-ELISA, “homologous” and “heterologous” s-LPS showed similar results (diagnostic sensitivity 66.7%, diagnostic specificity 97.3%, and diagnostic accuracy 95.0%). Therefore, the RBT using the “homologous” antigen and c-ELISA with “homologous” or “heterologous” s-LPS could be used in parallel for the detection of antibodies against <i>Brucella</i> spp. in cetaceans.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/14/1/26<i>Brucella ceti</i>cetaceanscompetitive ELISARose Bengal testserological diagnosis |
| spellingShingle | Tiziana Di Febo Gabriella Di Francesco Carla Grattarola Luigina Sonsini Ludovica Di Renzo Giuseppe Lucifora Roberto Puleio Cristina Esmeralda Di Francesco Camilla Smoglica Giovanni Di Guardo Manuela Tittarelli Serological Diagnosis of <i>Brucella</i> Infection in Cetaceans by Rapid Serum Agglutination Test and Competitive ELISA with <i>Brucella abortus</i> and <i>Brucella ceti</i> as Antigens Pathogens <i>Brucella ceti</i> cetaceans competitive ELISA Rose Bengal test serological diagnosis |
| title | Serological Diagnosis of <i>Brucella</i> Infection in Cetaceans by Rapid Serum Agglutination Test and Competitive ELISA with <i>Brucella abortus</i> and <i>Brucella ceti</i> as Antigens |
| title_full | Serological Diagnosis of <i>Brucella</i> Infection in Cetaceans by Rapid Serum Agglutination Test and Competitive ELISA with <i>Brucella abortus</i> and <i>Brucella ceti</i> as Antigens |
| title_fullStr | Serological Diagnosis of <i>Brucella</i> Infection in Cetaceans by Rapid Serum Agglutination Test and Competitive ELISA with <i>Brucella abortus</i> and <i>Brucella ceti</i> as Antigens |
| title_full_unstemmed | Serological Diagnosis of <i>Brucella</i> Infection in Cetaceans by Rapid Serum Agglutination Test and Competitive ELISA with <i>Brucella abortus</i> and <i>Brucella ceti</i> as Antigens |
| title_short | Serological Diagnosis of <i>Brucella</i> Infection in Cetaceans by Rapid Serum Agglutination Test and Competitive ELISA with <i>Brucella abortus</i> and <i>Brucella ceti</i> as Antigens |
| title_sort | serological diagnosis of i brucella i infection in cetaceans by rapid serum agglutination test and competitive elisa with i brucella abortus i and i brucella ceti i as antigens |
| topic | <i>Brucella ceti</i> cetaceans competitive ELISA Rose Bengal test serological diagnosis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/14/1/26 |
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