Purification and Epitope Mapping of Jug r 4, a Major Walnut Allergen
<b>Background:</b> Tree nut allergy affects approximately 1% of the U.S. population and the prevalence is increasing. Walnut allergy is the most commonly reported tree nut allergy in the United States. This study aimed to investigate the IgE cross-reactivity between walnut allergen Jug r...
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MDPI AG
2025-03-01
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| author | Stephen A. Y. Gipson Jacqueline B. Nesbit Lauren T. Swientoniewski Stephen I. Rogers S. Shahzad Mustafa Stephen C. Dreskin Suzanne S. Teuber Hsiaopo Cheng Soheila J. Maleki |
| author_facet | Stephen A. Y. Gipson Jacqueline B. Nesbit Lauren T. Swientoniewski Stephen I. Rogers S. Shahzad Mustafa Stephen C. Dreskin Suzanne S. Teuber Hsiaopo Cheng Soheila J. Maleki |
| author_sort | Stephen A. Y. Gipson |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <b>Background:</b> Tree nut allergy affects approximately 1% of the U.S. population and the prevalence is increasing. Walnut allergy is the most commonly reported tree nut allergy in the United States. This study aimed to investigate the IgE cross-reactivity between walnut allergen Jug r 4 and peanut allergen Ara h 3 in individuals with dual walnut and peanut allergies. <b>Methods:</b> Jug r 4 was purified from whole walnut extract and analyzed via western blot using anti-Ara h 3 antibodies alongside serum IgE from walnut allergic patients. Sera from individuals allergic to both peanuts and walnuts were utilized to examine peptide microarrays comprising synthetic overlapping 15 mer peptides, offset by five amino acids, of Ara h 3 and Jug r 4. These results were compared against computationally predicted IgE epitopes using the Structural Database for Allergic Proteins (SDAP). Additionally, SWISS-MODEL protein modeling software was employed to map IgE epitopes onto Ara h 3 and Jug r 4. <b>Results:</b> Our findings revealed previously unreported IgE epitopes for dual-allergic sera within both allergens, highlighting the locations of empirically determined and SDAP-predicted IgE epitopes. <b>Conclusions:</b> While six epitopes were predicted as cross-reactive, only three were frequently recognized by IgE in dual-allergic individuals, underscoring their potential significance in clinically relevant cross-reactivity. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-53a5c7dd857d4e67a5f3a404e84d18b9 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2313-5786 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Allergies |
| spelling | doaj-art-53a5c7dd857d4e67a5f3a404e84d18b92025-08-20T02:41:44ZengMDPI AGAllergies2313-57862025-03-0151810.3390/allergies5010008Purification and Epitope Mapping of Jug r 4, a Major Walnut AllergenStephen A. Y. Gipson0Jacqueline B. Nesbit1Lauren T. Swientoniewski2Stephen I. Rogers3S. Shahzad Mustafa4Stephen C. Dreskin5Suzanne S. Teuber6Hsiaopo Cheng7Soheila J. Maleki8Southern Regional Research Center, Agriculture Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1100 Allen Toussaint Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124, USASouthern Regional Research Center, Agriculture Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1100 Allen Toussaint Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124, USASouthern Regional Research Center, Agriculture Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1100 Allen Toussaint Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124, USASouthern Regional Research Center, Agriculture Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1100 Allen Toussaint Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124, USASchool of Medicine and Dentistry, Allergy, Immunology & Rheumatology, Rochester Regional Health, Rochester, NY 14620, USASchool of Medicine, Allergy & Clinical Immunology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USASchool of Medicine, Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95817, USASouthern Regional Research Center, Agriculture Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1100 Allen Toussaint Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124, USASouthern Regional Research Center, Agriculture Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1100 Allen Toussaint Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124, USA<b>Background:</b> Tree nut allergy affects approximately 1% of the U.S. population and the prevalence is increasing. Walnut allergy is the most commonly reported tree nut allergy in the United States. This study aimed to investigate the IgE cross-reactivity between walnut allergen Jug r 4 and peanut allergen Ara h 3 in individuals with dual walnut and peanut allergies. <b>Methods:</b> Jug r 4 was purified from whole walnut extract and analyzed via western blot using anti-Ara h 3 antibodies alongside serum IgE from walnut allergic patients. Sera from individuals allergic to both peanuts and walnuts were utilized to examine peptide microarrays comprising synthetic overlapping 15 mer peptides, offset by five amino acids, of Ara h 3 and Jug r 4. These results were compared against computationally predicted IgE epitopes using the Structural Database for Allergic Proteins (SDAP). Additionally, SWISS-MODEL protein modeling software was employed to map IgE epitopes onto Ara h 3 and Jug r 4. <b>Results:</b> Our findings revealed previously unreported IgE epitopes for dual-allergic sera within both allergens, highlighting the locations of empirically determined and SDAP-predicted IgE epitopes. <b>Conclusions:</b> While six epitopes were predicted as cross-reactive, only three were frequently recognized by IgE in dual-allergic individuals, underscoring their potential significance in clinically relevant cross-reactivity.https://www.mdpi.com/2313-5786/5/1/8walnut allergypeanut allergyIgEepitopeJug r 4Ara h 3 |
| spellingShingle | Stephen A. Y. Gipson Jacqueline B. Nesbit Lauren T. Swientoniewski Stephen I. Rogers S. Shahzad Mustafa Stephen C. Dreskin Suzanne S. Teuber Hsiaopo Cheng Soheila J. Maleki Purification and Epitope Mapping of Jug r 4, a Major Walnut Allergen Allergies walnut allergy peanut allergy IgE epitope Jug r 4 Ara h 3 |
| title | Purification and Epitope Mapping of Jug r 4, a Major Walnut Allergen |
| title_full | Purification and Epitope Mapping of Jug r 4, a Major Walnut Allergen |
| title_fullStr | Purification and Epitope Mapping of Jug r 4, a Major Walnut Allergen |
| title_full_unstemmed | Purification and Epitope Mapping of Jug r 4, a Major Walnut Allergen |
| title_short | Purification and Epitope Mapping of Jug r 4, a Major Walnut Allergen |
| title_sort | purification and epitope mapping of jug r 4 a major walnut allergen |
| topic | walnut allergy peanut allergy IgE epitope Jug r 4 Ara h 3 |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2313-5786/5/1/8 |
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